The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis
Abstract At the last European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting, Montalban and the experts’ panel announced the 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria. The optic nerve has been added as a fifth dissemination in space (DIS) criteria topography among the main...
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| Language: | English |
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Adis, Springer Healthcare
2025-04-01
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| Series: | Neurology and Therapy |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-025-00737-7 |
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| author | Michael Levraut Cassandre Landes-Chateau Lydiane Mondot Mikael Cohen Christine Lebrun-Frenay |
| author_facet | Michael Levraut Cassandre Landes-Chateau Lydiane Mondot Mikael Cohen Christine Lebrun-Frenay |
| author_sort | Michael Levraut |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract At the last European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting, Montalban and the experts’ panel announced the 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria. The optic nerve has been added as a fifth dissemination in space (DIS) criteria topography among the main changes. Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be diagnosed in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) if specific biomarkers are added to at least two of the five DIS criteria. Among the particular MS biomarkers, the kappa free light chain index (kFLC index) positivity will be added to oligoclonal band (OCB) detection to fulfill intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, and the central vein sign (CVS) will be able to ensure the specificity of the lesions detected on MRI scans. This review summarises the knowledge on the kFLC index and the CVS in people with MS and RIS, allowing them to be incorporated into the proposed revision of the McDonald criteria. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce4f7ca1617d4160858fdd0ccfafc515 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2193-8253 2193-6536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | Adis, Springer Healthcare |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Neurology and Therapy |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce4f7ca1617d4160858fdd0ccfafc5152025-08-20T03:54:11ZengAdis, Springer HealthcareNeurology and Therapy2193-82532193-65362025-04-0114371173110.1007/s40120-025-00737-7The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis DiagnosisMichael Levraut0Cassandre Landes-Chateau1Lydiane Mondot2Mikael Cohen3Christine Lebrun-Frenay4Unité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur, Équipe URRISUnité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur, Équipe URRISUnité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur, Équipe URRISUnité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur, Équipe URRISUnité de Recherche Clinique Côte d’Azur, Équipe URRISAbstract At the last European Committee for Treatment and Research in Multiple Sclerosis (ECTRIMS) meeting, Montalban and the experts’ panel announced the 2024 revision of the McDonald criteria. The optic nerve has been added as a fifth dissemination in space (DIS) criteria topography among the main changes. Multiple sclerosis (MS) can be diagnosed in patients with radiologically isolated syndrome (RIS) if specific biomarkers are added to at least two of the five DIS criteria. Among the particular MS biomarkers, the kappa free light chain index (kFLC index) positivity will be added to oligoclonal band (OCB) detection to fulfill intrathecal immunoglobulin synthesis, and the central vein sign (CVS) will be able to ensure the specificity of the lesions detected on MRI scans. This review summarises the knowledge on the kFLC index and the CVS in people with MS and RIS, allowing them to be incorporated into the proposed revision of the McDonald criteria.https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-025-00737-7Multiple sclerosisRadiologically isolated syndromeKappa free light chains indexCentral vein sign |
| spellingShingle | Michael Levraut Cassandre Landes-Chateau Lydiane Mondot Mikael Cohen Christine Lebrun-Frenay The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis Neurology and Therapy Multiple sclerosis Radiologically isolated syndrome Kappa free light chains index Central vein sign |
| title | The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_full | The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_fullStr | The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_short | The Kappa Free Light Chains Index and Central Vein Sign: Two New Biomarkers for Multiple Sclerosis Diagnosis |
| title_sort | kappa free light chains index and central vein sign two new biomarkers for multiple sclerosis diagnosis |
| topic | Multiple sclerosis Radiologically isolated syndrome Kappa free light chains index Central vein sign |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1007/s40120-025-00737-7 |
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