Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro

Abstract The interaction of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) with the liquids has been fully studied, and multiple biomedical applications of APP-activated liquids have also been verified. However, there is still no direct evidence regarding the interaction between APP treatment and serum. In the p...

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Main Authors: Yuqi Guo, Xi Zhang, Yanan Xing, Yuxuan Liu, Yixiao Liu, Liuya Jia, Lixin Xu, Gaosheng He, Jiting Ouyang, Xu Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-05-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03914-8
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author Yuqi Guo
Xi Zhang
Yanan Xing
Yuxuan Liu
Yixiao Liu
Liuya Jia
Lixin Xu
Gaosheng He
Jiting Ouyang
Xu Yan
author_facet Yuqi Guo
Xi Zhang
Yanan Xing
Yuxuan Liu
Yixiao Liu
Liuya Jia
Lixin Xu
Gaosheng He
Jiting Ouyang
Xu Yan
author_sort Yuqi Guo
collection DOAJ
description Abstract The interaction of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) with the liquids has been fully studied, and multiple biomedical applications of APP-activated liquids have also been verified. However, there is still no direct evidence regarding the interaction between APP treatment and serum. In the present study, the rat serum was treated with the helium APP device. Compared with APP-treated saline, the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in serum was significantly smaller, implying that an antioxidant system existed in serum. The proteomics suggested that differently expressed proteins were predominantly enriched in the glutathione metabolism pathway. Our results showed that APP treatment significantly increased the serum GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio, suggesting the enhanced antioxidant capacity of the APP-treated serum. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes in APP-treated serum were examined. As a result, both the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) protein level and enzyme activity were up-regulated according to the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis and GPX enzyme activity analysis. Meanwhile, the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were also enhanced after APP treatment, while the catalase (CAT) activity decreased. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) also increased, as confirmed by the evidence of the superior ROS scavenging by APP-treated serum. Our data highlight that APP treatment can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the serum, which is closely related to the up-regulated GSH level, GSH/GSSG ratio and antioxidant enzymes within serum after APP treatment.
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spelling doaj-art-ce42d4b9d896419cb166ad284bc3bbf22025-08-20T02:00:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-05-0115111110.1038/s41598-025-03914-8Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitroYuqi Guo0Xi Zhang1Yanan Xing2Yuxuan Liu3Yixiao Liu4Liuya Jia5Lixin Xu6Gaosheng He7Jiting Ouyang8Xu Yan9Department of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Physics, Beijing Institute of TechnologySchool of Physics, Beijing Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityDepartment of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversitySchool of Physics, Beijing Institute of TechnologySchool of Physics, Beijing Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Pathophysiology, Beijing Neurosurgical Institute/Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract The interaction of atmospheric pressure plasma (APP) with the liquids has been fully studied, and multiple biomedical applications of APP-activated liquids have also been verified. However, there is still no direct evidence regarding the interaction between APP treatment and serum. In the present study, the rat serum was treated with the helium APP device. Compared with APP-treated saline, the elevation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels in serum was significantly smaller, implying that an antioxidant system existed in serum. The proteomics suggested that differently expressed proteins were predominantly enriched in the glutathione metabolism pathway. Our results showed that APP treatment significantly increased the serum GSH level and GSH/GSSG ratio, suggesting the enhanced antioxidant capacity of the APP-treated serum. Furthermore, the antioxidant enzymes in APP-treated serum were examined. As a result, both the glutathione peroxidase (GPX) protein level and enzyme activity were up-regulated according to the parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analysis and GPX enzyme activity analysis. Meanwhile, the activities of glutathione reductase (GR) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) enzymes were also enhanced after APP treatment, while the catalase (CAT) activity decreased. Meanwhile, the total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) also increased, as confirmed by the evidence of the superior ROS scavenging by APP-treated serum. Our data highlight that APP treatment can enhance the antioxidant capacity of the serum, which is closely related to the up-regulated GSH level, GSH/GSSG ratio and antioxidant enzymes within serum after APP treatment.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03914-8Atmospheric pressure plasmaReactive speciesSerumAntioxidant capacityPlasma medicine
spellingShingle Yuqi Guo
Xi Zhang
Yanan Xing
Yuxuan Liu
Yixiao Liu
Liuya Jia
Lixin Xu
Gaosheng He
Jiting Ouyang
Xu Yan
Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
Scientific Reports
Atmospheric pressure plasma
Reactive species
Serum
Antioxidant capacity
Plasma medicine
title Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
title_full Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
title_fullStr Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
title_full_unstemmed Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
title_short Atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
title_sort atmospheric pressure plasma treatment increases the antioxidant capacity of the serum in vitro
topic Atmospheric pressure plasma
Reactive species
Serum
Antioxidant capacity
Plasma medicine
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-03914-8
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