Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio
A novel concept of impedance-transforming transdirectional coupled-line directional couplers that feature maximum available impedance transformation ratio is proposed. It is shown that such couplers can be designed as an appropriate connection of two uncoupled two-wire transmission lines, having ele...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IEEE
2024-01-01
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| Series: | IEEE Access |
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| Online Access: | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10587252/ |
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| author | Krzysztof Wincza Kamil Staszek Robert Smolarz Slawomir Gruszczynski |
| author_facet | Krzysztof Wincza Kamil Staszek Robert Smolarz Slawomir Gruszczynski |
| author_sort | Krzysztof Wincza |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A novel concept of impedance-transforming transdirectional coupled-line directional couplers that feature maximum available impedance transformation ratio is proposed. It is shown that such couplers can be designed as an appropriate connection of two uncoupled two-wire transmission lines, having electrical lengths equal 90° and 270°. The conditions for ideal impedance match and isolation in such couplers are derived and formulas describing the required characteristic impedances of the two two-wire transmission lines are given. It is shown that in such circuits the input and isolated port can be terminated with different impedances than the coupled and through ports. The major advantage of the proposed circuits is their reciprocity which allows for application in multiport amplifiers. The concept has been verified by the design and measurement of a 3-dB transdirectional coupler operating at a center frequency of 1 GHz that allows for achieving impedance transformation ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R =2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> proving the correctness of the presented analysis. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce31777a15d0469f94d6cd1c2ef33a1f |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2169-3536 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IEEE |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IEEE Access |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce31777a15d0469f94d6cd1c2ef33a1f2025-08-20T01:47:49ZengIEEEIEEE Access2169-35362024-01-0112938419384710.1109/ACCESS.2024.342453610587252Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation RatioKrzysztof Wincza0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4471-7842Kamil Staszek1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3866-8466Robert Smolarz2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3276-8463Slawomir Gruszczynski3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0370-8640Institute of Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, PolandInstitute of Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, PolandInstitute of Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, PolandInstitute of Electronics, AGH University of Krakow, Kraków, PolandA novel concept of impedance-transforming transdirectional coupled-line directional couplers that feature maximum available impedance transformation ratio is proposed. It is shown that such couplers can be designed as an appropriate connection of two uncoupled two-wire transmission lines, having electrical lengths equal 90° and 270°. The conditions for ideal impedance match and isolation in such couplers are derived and formulas describing the required characteristic impedances of the two two-wire transmission lines are given. It is shown that in such circuits the input and isolated port can be terminated with different impedances than the coupled and through ports. The major advantage of the proposed circuits is their reciprocity which allows for application in multiport amplifiers. The concept has been verified by the design and measurement of a 3-dB transdirectional coupler operating at a center frequency of 1 GHz that allows for achieving impedance transformation ratio <inline-formula> <tex-math notation="LaTeX">$R =2$ </tex-math></inline-formula> proving the correctness of the presented analysis.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10587252/Asymmetric coupled-linesdirectional couplersimpedance transformerstransdirectional couplers |
| spellingShingle | Krzysztof Wincza Kamil Staszek Robert Smolarz Slawomir Gruszczynski Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio IEEE Access Asymmetric coupled-lines directional couplers impedance transformers transdirectional couplers |
| title | Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio |
| title_full | Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio |
| title_fullStr | Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio |
| title_short | Impedance-Transforming Transdirectional Coupled-Line Directional Couplers With Maximum Achievable Transformation Ratio |
| title_sort | impedance transforming transdirectional coupled line directional couplers with maximum achievable transformation ratio |
| topic | Asymmetric coupled-lines directional couplers impedance transformers transdirectional couplers |
| url | https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10587252/ |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT krzysztofwincza impedancetransformingtransdirectionalcoupledlinedirectionalcouplerswithmaximumachievabletransformationratio AT kamilstaszek impedancetransformingtransdirectionalcoupledlinedirectionalcouplerswithmaximumachievabletransformationratio AT robertsmolarz impedancetransformingtransdirectionalcoupledlinedirectionalcouplerswithmaximumachievabletransformationratio AT slawomirgruszczynski impedancetransformingtransdirectionalcoupledlinedirectionalcouplerswithmaximumachievabletransformationratio |