Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology
Soft interlayers are critical geological formations that significantly impact the stability of slopes in water and hydropower engineering projects. This study investigated the shear mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of the soft interlayer under dry-wet cycle conditions with a focus on...
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| Format: | Article |
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Editorial Office of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Shuiwen dizhi gongcheng dizhi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.swdzgcdz.com/en/article/doi/10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202406031 |
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| _version_ | 1849716040436547584 |
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| author | Hao LIU Wen ZHANG Lei LU |
| author_facet | Hao LIU Wen ZHANG Lei LU |
| author_sort | Hao LIU |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soft interlayers are critical geological formations that significantly impact the stability of slopes in water and hydropower engineering projects. This study investigated the shear mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of the soft interlayer under dry-wet cycle conditions with a focus on the left bank shoulder slope of the Caizi Dam pumped storage power station’s lower reservoir. Real rock morphology characteristics were replicated using 3D printing technology to create structural surfaces, and the roughness coefficient JRC of different structural surfaces was then calculated. Subsequently, shear tests were conducted on soft interlayers containing artificial joint surfaces subjected to dry-wet cycles. The results indicate that, after multiple dry-wet cycles, the shear strength decreases exponentially as the number of cycles increases, and eventually approaches a very low stable value, which is approximately 5% of the initial strength. Moreover, the shear strength is positively correlated with the roughness of the structural plane. The shear stress-strain curve of the soft interlayer exhibits a stepwise decrease during the failure stage, with the magnitude of this decrease in the residual curve proportional to structural surface roughness. Samples with higher roughness on the structural surface reach the residual strength stage at a shorter shear displacement, and the residual strength decreases as the number of dry-wet cycles increases. This study provides valuable insights for slope stability assessments in energy dissipation and water storage projects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce2be06f822b42db9dc407b5ccacdf0b |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1000-3665 |
| language | zho |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Editorial Office of Hydrogeology & Engineering Geology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Shuiwen dizhi gongcheng dizhi |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce2be06f822b42db9dc407b5ccacdf0b2025-08-20T03:13:08ZzhoEditorial Office of Hydrogeology & Engineering GeologyShuiwen dizhi gongcheng dizhi1000-36652025-05-0152312513310.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202406031202406031Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technologyHao LIU0Wen ZHANG1Lei LU2State Key Laboratory of Geohazard Prevention and Geoenvironment Protection （Chengdu University of Technology）, Chengdu, Sichuan 610059, ChinaInstitute of Exploration Technology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Chengdu, Sichuan 611734, China12th Construction Egineering Company, China Huashi Enterprises Company Limited, Chengdu, Sichuan 610036 ChinaSoft interlayers are critical geological formations that significantly impact the stability of slopes in water and hydropower engineering projects. This study investigated the shear mechanical characteristics and failure mechanism of the soft interlayer under dry-wet cycle conditions with a focus on the left bank shoulder slope of the Caizi Dam pumped storage power station’s lower reservoir. Real rock morphology characteristics were replicated using 3D printing technology to create structural surfaces, and the roughness coefficient JRC of different structural surfaces was then calculated. Subsequently, shear tests were conducted on soft interlayers containing artificial joint surfaces subjected to dry-wet cycles. The results indicate that, after multiple dry-wet cycles, the shear strength decreases exponentially as the number of cycles increases, and eventually approaches a very low stable value, which is approximately 5% of the initial strength. Moreover, the shear strength is positively correlated with the roughness of the structural plane. The shear stress-strain curve of the soft interlayer exhibits a stepwise decrease during the failure stage, with the magnitude of this decrease in the residual curve proportional to structural surface roughness. Samples with higher roughness on the structural surface reach the residual strength stage at a shorter shear displacement, and the residual strength decreases as the number of dry-wet cycles increases. This study provides valuable insights for slope stability assessments in energy dissipation and water storage projects.https://www.swdzgcdz.com/en/article/doi/10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202406031soft interlayerdry-wet cycle3d printingstrength deteriorationroughnessresidual strength |
| spellingShingle | Hao LIU Wen ZHANG Lei LU Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology Shuiwen dizhi gongcheng dizhi soft interlayer dry-wet cycle 3d printing strength deterioration roughness residual strength |
| title | Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology |
| title_full | Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology |
| title_fullStr | Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology |
| title_short | Strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry-wet cycles based on 3D printing technology |
| title_sort | strength degradation of soft interlayer under dry wet cycles based on 3d printing technology |
| topic | soft interlayer dry-wet cycle 3d printing strength deterioration roughness residual strength |
| url | https://www.swdzgcdz.com/en/article/doi/10.16030/j.cnki.issn.1000-3665.202406031 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT haoliu strengthdegradationofsoftinterlayerunderdrywetcyclesbasedon3dprintingtechnology AT wenzhang strengthdegradationofsoftinterlayerunderdrywetcyclesbasedon3dprintingtechnology AT leilu strengthdegradationofsoftinterlayerunderdrywetcyclesbasedon3dprintingtechnology |