Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections
Most research of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) for solar radiation modification has focused on injection of SO _2 . However, the resulting sulfuric acid aerosols lead to considerable absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation, resulting in stratospheric warming and reduced cooling efficien...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2024-01-01
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| Series: | Environmental Research: Climate |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f93 |
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| author | Fabrice Stefanetti Sandro Vattioni John A Dykema Gabriel Chiodo Jan Sedlacek Frank N Keutsch Timofei Sukhodolov |
| author_facet | Fabrice Stefanetti Sandro Vattioni John A Dykema Gabriel Chiodo Jan Sedlacek Frank N Keutsch Timofei Sukhodolov |
| author_sort | Fabrice Stefanetti |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Most research of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) for solar radiation modification has focused on injection of SO _2 . However, the resulting sulfuric acid aerosols lead to considerable absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation, resulting in stratospheric warming and reduced cooling efficiency. Recent research suggests that solid particles, such as alumina, calcite or diamond, could minimize these side effects. Here we use, for the first time, the atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0, incorporating a solid particle scheme, to assess the climatic impacts of SAI by these injection materials. For each substance, we model tropical SAI by means of constant yearly injection of solid particles, aimed to offset the warming induced by a high-GHG emission scenario over the 2020–2100 period by 1 K. We show that solid particles are more effective than sulfur at minimising stratospheric heating, and the resulting side-effects on the general atmospheric circulation, stratospheric moistening, and tropopause height change. As a result, solid particles also induce less residual warming over the arctic, resulting in greater reduction of GHG-induced polar amplification compared to sulfuric acid aerosols. Among the materials studied here, diamond is most efficient in reducing global warming per unit injection, while also minimizing side effects. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce298bf5a5d540a5ae377d77e623d494 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2752-5295 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Environmental Research: Climate |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce298bf5a5d540a5ae377d77e623d4942025-08-20T02:00:38ZengIOP PublishingEnvironmental Research: Climate2752-52952024-01-013404502810.1088/2752-5295/ad9f93Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injectionsFabrice Stefanetti0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-2809-4635Sandro Vattioni1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4099-3903John A Dykema2https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7611-6163Gabriel Chiodo3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-6314Jan Sedlacek4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6742-9130Frank N Keutsch5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1442-6200Timofei Sukhodolov6https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-738XInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich , Zurich, SwitzerlandInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich , Zurich, SwitzerlandJohn A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States of AmericaInstitute for Atmospheric and Climate Science, ETH Zurich , Zurich, Switzerland; Instituto de Geociencias (IGEO), CSIC-UCM , Madrid, SpainPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center , Davos, SwitzerlandJohn A Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States of America; Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Harvard University , Cambridge, MA, United States of AmericaPhysikalisch-Meteorologisches Observatorium Davos and World Radiation Center , Davos, SwitzerlandMost research of stratospheric aerosol injection (SAI) for solar radiation modification has focused on injection of SO _2 . However, the resulting sulfuric acid aerosols lead to considerable absorption of terrestrial infrared radiation, resulting in stratospheric warming and reduced cooling efficiency. Recent research suggests that solid particles, such as alumina, calcite or diamond, could minimize these side effects. Here we use, for the first time, the atmosphere–ocean–aerosol–chemistry–climate model SOCOLv4.0, incorporating a solid particle scheme, to assess the climatic impacts of SAI by these injection materials. For each substance, we model tropical SAI by means of constant yearly injection of solid particles, aimed to offset the warming induced by a high-GHG emission scenario over the 2020–2100 period by 1 K. We show that solid particles are more effective than sulfur at minimising stratospheric heating, and the resulting side-effects on the general atmospheric circulation, stratospheric moistening, and tropopause height change. As a result, solid particles also induce less residual warming over the arctic, resulting in greater reduction of GHG-induced polar amplification compared to sulfuric acid aerosols. Among the materials studied here, diamond is most efficient in reducing global warming per unit injection, while also minimizing side effects.https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f93solar radiation modificationsolid particlesstratospheric aerosol injectionlarge-scale circulationsurface temperatureprecipitation |
| spellingShingle | Fabrice Stefanetti Sandro Vattioni John A Dykema Gabriel Chiodo Jan Sedlacek Frank N Keutsch Timofei Sukhodolov Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections Environmental Research: Climate solar radiation modification solid particles stratospheric aerosol injection large-scale circulation surface temperature precipitation |
| title | Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections |
| title_full | Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections |
| title_fullStr | Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections |
| title_full_unstemmed | Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections |
| title_short | Stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to SO2 injections |
| title_sort | stratospheric injection of solid particles reduces side effects on circulation and climate compared to so2 injections |
| topic | solar radiation modification solid particles stratospheric aerosol injection large-scale circulation surface temperature precipitation |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1088/2752-5295/ad9f93 |
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