Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i>
<i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> is a microalga that stands out due to its high protein content. The objective of this work was to study the effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on the recovery of proteins from <i>A. pyrenoidosa</i> and their application as function...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Alexandros Katsimichas Maria Katsouli Nikolaos Spantidos Maria C. Giannakourou Petros Taoukis |
| author_facet | Alexandros Katsimichas Maria Katsouli Nikolaos Spantidos Maria C. Giannakourou Petros Taoukis |
| author_sort | Alexandros Katsimichas |
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| description | <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> is a microalga that stands out due to its high protein content. The objective of this work was to study the effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on the recovery of proteins from <i>A. pyrenoidosa</i> and their application as functional emulsifiers. Untreated and HPH-treated (400–800 bar, 1 and 4 passes) aqueous cellular suspensions were incubated at 40 °C for 6 h. The aqueous extracts were collected, the proteins were precipitated at pH 3, and the <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> protein concentrates (APPC) were lyophilized. Increasing HPH pressure and number of passes (400–800 bar, 1 and 4 passes) improved protein recovery yield up to 57%. Higher HPH pressures also reduced <i>α</i>-helix and <i>β</i>-sheet structures, exposing the hydrophobic protein core. This protein modification led to APPCs with increased oil-holding capacity (2.83 g oil/g APPC). The surface tension of APPC solutions reached a minimum value of 28.6 mN/m at an APPC concentration of 2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. The APPCs from untreated and HPH-treated biomass were used to stabilize nanoemulsions (2–6% sunflower oil), comparing one-step homogenization (high-speed homogenization) with the two-step homogenization method (combining high-speed and high-pressure homogenization). The two-step method led to significantly smaller oil droplets with narrow size distribution, leading to stable nanoemulsions with improved resistance to centrifugation and heating–cooling cycles. Due to APPC’s great emulsifying properties, <i>A. pyrenoidosa</i> proteins have a promising potential for various applications such as delivery systems stabilization. Additionally, the low energy requirements, continuous processing capability, and scalability of HPH make it a suitable process for industrial applications. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce2051d43d4045009f56b929d684f6402025-01-10T13:14:32ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172024-12-0115113110.3390/app15010131Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i>Alexandros Katsimichas0Maria Katsouli1Nikolaos Spantidos2Maria C. Giannakourou3Petros Taoukis4Laboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, GreeceLaboratory of Food Chemistry and Technology, School of Chemical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens (NTUA), 15780 Athens, Greece<i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> is a microalga that stands out due to its high protein content. The objective of this work was to study the effect of high-pressure homogenization (HPH) on the recovery of proteins from <i>A. pyrenoidosa</i> and their application as functional emulsifiers. Untreated and HPH-treated (400–800 bar, 1 and 4 passes) aqueous cellular suspensions were incubated at 40 °C for 6 h. The aqueous extracts were collected, the proteins were precipitated at pH 3, and the <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> protein concentrates (APPC) were lyophilized. Increasing HPH pressure and number of passes (400–800 bar, 1 and 4 passes) improved protein recovery yield up to 57%. Higher HPH pressures also reduced <i>α</i>-helix and <i>β</i>-sheet structures, exposing the hydrophobic protein core. This protein modification led to APPCs with increased oil-holding capacity (2.83 g oil/g APPC). The surface tension of APPC solutions reached a minimum value of 28.6 mN/m at an APPC concentration of 2% <i>w</i>/<i>w</i>. The APPCs from untreated and HPH-treated biomass were used to stabilize nanoemulsions (2–6% sunflower oil), comparing one-step homogenization (high-speed homogenization) with the two-step homogenization method (combining high-speed and high-pressure homogenization). The two-step method led to significantly smaller oil droplets with narrow size distribution, leading to stable nanoemulsions with improved resistance to centrifugation and heating–cooling cycles. Due to APPC’s great emulsifying properties, <i>A. pyrenoidosa</i> proteins have a promising potential for various applications such as delivery systems stabilization. Additionally, the low energy requirements, continuous processing capability, and scalability of HPH make it a suitable process for industrial applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/131microalgaenonthermal processinghigh-pressure homogenizationextractionprotein modificationnanoemulsions |
| spellingShingle | Alexandros Katsimichas Maria Katsouli Nikolaos Spantidos Maria C. Giannakourou Petros Taoukis Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> Applied Sciences microalgae nonthermal processing high-pressure homogenization extraction protein modification nanoemulsions |
| title | Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> |
| title_full | Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> |
| title_fullStr | Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> |
| title_short | Effect of High-Pressure Homogenization on the Functional and Emulsifying Properties of Proteins Recovered from <i>Auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa</i> |
| title_sort | effect of high pressure homogenization on the functional and emulsifying properties of proteins recovered from i auxenochlorella pyrenoidosa i |
| topic | microalgae nonthermal processing high-pressure homogenization extraction protein modification nanoemulsions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/1/131 |
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