Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites

Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely employed in the marine sector for ship hulls and other structures. But, like other fiber composite systems, they are vulnerable to water degradation. This study examines the influence of seawater aging on glass fiber/epoxy composites reinfo...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: S. Thiru, M. Megahed, Amr Seif, D.A. Hegazy, Amira S. Sakr, Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said, A.M. Sadoun, Mashhour A. Alazwari, Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah, I.M.R. Najjar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-05-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425013602
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849763602160943104
author S. Thiru
M. Megahed
Amr Seif
D.A. Hegazy
Amira S. Sakr
Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said
A.M. Sadoun
Mashhour A. Alazwari
Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah
I.M.R. Najjar
author_facet S. Thiru
M. Megahed
Amr Seif
D.A. Hegazy
Amira S. Sakr
Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said
A.M. Sadoun
Mashhour A. Alazwari
Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah
I.M.R. Najjar
author_sort S. Thiru
collection DOAJ
description Glass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely employed in the marine sector for ship hulls and other structures. But, like other fiber composite systems, they are vulnerable to water degradation. This study examines the influence of seawater aging on glass fiber/epoxy composites reinforced with aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) nanoparticles, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Unlike other research that only examines dry conditions, this study offers a comparative evaluation of performance under prolonged seawater aging. Utilizing the ultrasonic processor, a mixture of 0.5 % nanofillers and epoxy resin was mixed. The hand layup technique was adopted for composites manufacturing. The effects of these nanofillers on hardness, impact, water absorption, and wear resistance were examined in both the untreated and treated states. Compared to control specimens, they exhibited enhanced long-term performance. Cu-filled composites provided improved wear resistance and hardness (40.9 % untreated, 26.4 % treated). The impact strength of GNP-reinforced composites was superior, enhanced by 74.7 % (untreated) and 80.28 % (treated), and they also reduced water absorption. From multi-criteria optimization, Cu-filled composite was the optimal choice, followed by GNPs, revealing the potential of nanofillers to enhance composite durability for maritime applications.
format Article
id doaj-art-ce19413e6ff14757a3b88bd13efb09b8
institution DOAJ
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2025-05-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-ce19413e6ff14757a3b88bd13efb09b82025-08-20T03:05:21ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542025-05-01369713972510.1016/j.jmrt.2025.05.204Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy compositesS. Thiru0M. Megahed1Amr Seif2D.A. Hegazy3Amira S. Sakr4Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said5A.M. Sadoun6Mashhour A. Alazwari7Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah8I.M.R. Najjar9Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Corresponding author.Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, P. O. box: 44519, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia, EgyptMechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, P. O. box: 44519, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia, Egypt; Corresponding author.Bilbeis Higher Institute of Engineering (BHIE), Bilbeis, Sharqia, EgyptMaterials Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, Zagazig, 44519, EgyptDepartment of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Jeddah, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi Arabia; Mechanical Design and Production Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Zagazig University, P. O. box: 44519, Zagazig, Al-Sharqia, EgyptMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaCollege of Engineering, University of Business and Technology, Jeddah, 23435, Saudi ArabiaMechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 21589, Saudi ArabiaGlass fiber reinforced polymer (GFRP) composites are widely employed in the marine sector for ship hulls and other structures. But, like other fiber composite systems, they are vulnerable to water degradation. This study examines the influence of seawater aging on glass fiber/epoxy composites reinforced with aluminum (Al), copper (Cu) nanoparticles, and graphene nanoplatelets (GNPs). Unlike other research that only examines dry conditions, this study offers a comparative evaluation of performance under prolonged seawater aging. Utilizing the ultrasonic processor, a mixture of 0.5 % nanofillers and epoxy resin was mixed. The hand layup technique was adopted for composites manufacturing. The effects of these nanofillers on hardness, impact, water absorption, and wear resistance were examined in both the untreated and treated states. Compared to control specimens, they exhibited enhanced long-term performance. Cu-filled composites provided improved wear resistance and hardness (40.9 % untreated, 26.4 % treated). The impact strength of GNP-reinforced composites was superior, enhanced by 74.7 % (untreated) and 80.28 % (treated), and they also reduced water absorption. From multi-criteria optimization, Cu-filled composite was the optimal choice, followed by GNPs, revealing the potential of nanofillers to enhance composite durability for maritime applications.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425013602NanocompositesWater uptakeSalt waterSurface hardnessImpactWear resistance
spellingShingle S. Thiru
M. Megahed
Amr Seif
D.A. Hegazy
Amira S. Sakr
Abdel-Halim Saber Salem Said
A.M. Sadoun
Mashhour A. Alazwari
Waleed Mohammed Abdelfattah
I.M.R. Najjar
Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Nanocomposites
Water uptake
Salt water
Surface hardness
Impact
Wear resistance
title Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites
title_full Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites
title_fullStr Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites
title_full_unstemmed Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites
title_short Enhancing marine composite performance: The role of Cu, Al, and graphene nanofillers in seawater-aged glass fiber epoxy composites
title_sort enhancing marine composite performance the role of cu al and graphene nanofillers in seawater aged glass fiber epoxy composites
topic Nanocomposites
Water uptake
Salt water
Surface hardness
Impact
Wear resistance
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785425013602
work_keys_str_mv AT sthiru enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT mmegahed enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT amrseif enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT dahegazy enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT amirassakr enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT abdelhalimsabersalemsaid enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT amsadoun enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT mashhouraalazwari enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT waleedmohammedabdelfattah enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites
AT imrnajjar enhancingmarinecompositeperformancetheroleofcualandgraphenenanofillersinseawateragedglassfiberepoxycomposites