Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird
ABSTRACT Habitat changes associated with urbanization have major and complex effects on wildlife. In birds, urban populations often have lower reproductive success but are able to maintain similar or higher densities than non‐urban populations. One explanation proposed for this paradox is that highe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-05-01
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| Series: | Ecology and Evolution |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71140 |
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| author | Boglárka Bukor Brett K. Sandercock Karl L. Evans Ivett Pipoly Krisztina Sándor András Liker Gábor Seress |
| author_facet | Boglárka Bukor Brett K. Sandercock Karl L. Evans Ivett Pipoly Krisztina Sándor András Liker Gábor Seress |
| author_sort | Boglárka Bukor |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Habitat changes associated with urbanization have major and complex effects on wildlife. In birds, urban populations often have lower reproductive success but are able to maintain similar or higher densities than non‐urban populations. One explanation proposed for this paradox is that higher survival of birds in cities may compensate for lower reproduction. We use a 9‐year dataset and Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models to compare annual variation in apparent survival probabilities of adult great tits (Parus major) at two forests and two urban sites located in Hungary. Our analyses tested the effects of sex, age, year, population density on apparent survival, after correcting for the probability of detection. Apparent survival of great tits varied between 0.122 and 0.736, with study site and year having the greatest influence. Unexpectedly, urbanization did not have a consistent effect: the sites with the lowest and highest estimates of survival were both urban habitats. Survival probabilities at the two forest sites were similar to each other but were ~0.15 lower than survival in the best urban site and ~0.1. higher than survival in the worst urban site. Survival probabilities exhibited marked inter‐annual variation in all sites, although temporal patterns were not consistent among sites suggesting the variation was not driven by inter‐annual variation in regional scale factors. Survival probabilities decreased with bird age at both urban sites in most years, but such patterns were not detected at forest sites. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of aging on avian survival rates can diverge between urban and forest habitats, and that the demographic factors regulating urban populations can vary between locations. Age‐specific variation should be taken into account in urban ecology and further exploration of the factors driving the heterogeneity will help inform conservation of biodiversity along rural‐urban gradients. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-ce0e85c58d6a4922815ae24a47c1fb4b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2045-7758 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecology and Evolution |
| spelling | doaj-art-ce0e85c58d6a4922815ae24a47c1fb4b2025-08-20T03:25:20ZengWileyEcology and Evolution2045-77582025-05-01155n/an/a10.1002/ece3.71140Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest BirdBoglárka Bukor0Brett K. Sandercock1Karl L. Evans2Ivett Pipoly3Krisztina Sándor4András Liker5Gábor Seress6Behavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences University of Pannonia Veszprém HungaryDepartment of Terrestrial Ecology Norwegian Institute for Nature Research Trondheim NorwayEcology and Evolutionary Biology, School of Biosciences University of Sheffield South Yorkshire UKBehavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences University of Pannonia Veszprém HungaryHUN‐REN‐ELTE Comparative Ethology Research Group Budapest HungaryBehavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences University of Pannonia Veszprém HungaryBehavioral Ecology Research Group, Center for Natural Sciences University of Pannonia Veszprém HungaryABSTRACT Habitat changes associated with urbanization have major and complex effects on wildlife. In birds, urban populations often have lower reproductive success but are able to maintain similar or higher densities than non‐urban populations. One explanation proposed for this paradox is that higher survival of birds in cities may compensate for lower reproduction. We use a 9‐year dataset and Cormack‐Jolly‐Seber models to compare annual variation in apparent survival probabilities of adult great tits (Parus major) at two forests and two urban sites located in Hungary. Our analyses tested the effects of sex, age, year, population density on apparent survival, after correcting for the probability of detection. Apparent survival of great tits varied between 0.122 and 0.736, with study site and year having the greatest influence. Unexpectedly, urbanization did not have a consistent effect: the sites with the lowest and highest estimates of survival were both urban habitats. Survival probabilities at the two forest sites were similar to each other but were ~0.15 lower than survival in the best urban site and ~0.1. higher than survival in the worst urban site. Survival probabilities exhibited marked inter‐annual variation in all sites, although temporal patterns were not consistent among sites suggesting the variation was not driven by inter‐annual variation in regional scale factors. Survival probabilities decreased with bird age at both urban sites in most years, but such patterns were not detected at forest sites. Our results demonstrate that the impacts of aging on avian survival rates can diverge between urban and forest habitats, and that the demographic factors regulating urban populations can vary between locations. Age‐specific variation should be taken into account in urban ecology and further exploration of the factors driving the heterogeneity will help inform conservation of biodiversity along rural‐urban gradients.https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71140ageingapparent survivalbreeding habitatforestParus majorpasserine |
| spellingShingle | Boglárka Bukor Brett K. Sandercock Karl L. Evans Ivett Pipoly Krisztina Sándor András Liker Gábor Seress Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird Ecology and Evolution ageing apparent survival breeding habitat forest Parus major passerine |
| title | Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird |
| title_full | Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird |
| title_fullStr | Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird |
| title_full_unstemmed | Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird |
| title_short | Site‐Specific Impacts of Urbanisation on Annual Survival of a Forest Bird |
| title_sort | site specific impacts of urbanisation on annual survival of a forest bird |
| topic | ageing apparent survival breeding habitat forest Parus major passerine |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.71140 |
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