Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries

Lithium-ion batteries, due to their high energy density, compact size, long lifetime, and low environmental impact, have achieved a dominant position in everyday life. These attributes have made them the preferred choice for powering portable devices such as laptops and smartphones, power tools, and...

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Main Authors: Maria Apostolopoulou, Dimitra Vernardou, Stefano Passerini
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2024-11-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/22/1799
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author Maria Apostolopoulou
Dimitra Vernardou
Stefano Passerini
author_facet Maria Apostolopoulou
Dimitra Vernardou
Stefano Passerini
author_sort Maria Apostolopoulou
collection DOAJ
description Lithium-ion batteries, due to their high energy density, compact size, long lifetime, and low environmental impact, have achieved a dominant position in everyday life. These attributes have made them the preferred choice for powering portable devices such as laptops and smartphones, power tools, and electric vehicles. As technology advances rapidly, the demand for even more efficient energy storage devices continues to rise. In lithium-ion batteries, anodes play a crucial role, with lithium titanate oxide standing out as a highly promising material. This anode is favored for its exceptional cycle stability, safety features, and fast charging capabilities. The impressive cycle stability of lithium titanate oxide is largely due to its zero-strain nature, meaning it undergoes minimal volume changes during lithium-ion insertion and extraction. This stability enhances the anode’s durability, leading to longer battery life. In addition, the lithium titanate oxide anode operates at a voltage of approximately 1.55 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li, significantly reducing the risk of dendrite formation, a major safety concern that can cause short circuits and fires. The material’s spinel structure, with its large active surface area, further allows fast electron transfer and ion diffusion, facilitating fast charging. This review explores the characteristics of lithium titanate oxide, the various synthesis methods employed, and its integration with carbon materials to enhance cycle stability, coulombic efficiency, and safety. It also proposes strategies for optimizing lithium titanate oxide properties to create sustainable anodes with reduced environmental impact using eco-friendly routes.
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spelling doaj-art-ce0c9a56a2b244db8438189eac9adcd32025-08-20T02:05:07ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912024-11-011422179910.3390/nano14221799Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion BatteriesMaria Apostolopoulou0Dimitra Vernardou1Stefano Passerini2Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceDepartment of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Hellenic Mediterranean University, 71410 Heraklion, GreeceHelmholtz Institute Ulm, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, Helmholtzstrasse 11, 89081 Ulm, GermanyLithium-ion batteries, due to their high energy density, compact size, long lifetime, and low environmental impact, have achieved a dominant position in everyday life. These attributes have made them the preferred choice for powering portable devices such as laptops and smartphones, power tools, and electric vehicles. As technology advances rapidly, the demand for even more efficient energy storage devices continues to rise. In lithium-ion batteries, anodes play a crucial role, with lithium titanate oxide standing out as a highly promising material. This anode is favored for its exceptional cycle stability, safety features, and fast charging capabilities. The impressive cycle stability of lithium titanate oxide is largely due to its zero-strain nature, meaning it undergoes minimal volume changes during lithium-ion insertion and extraction. This stability enhances the anode’s durability, leading to longer battery life. In addition, the lithium titanate oxide anode operates at a voltage of approximately 1.55 V vs. Li<sup>+</sup>/Li, significantly reducing the risk of dendrite formation, a major safety concern that can cause short circuits and fires. The material’s spinel structure, with its large active surface area, further allows fast electron transfer and ion diffusion, facilitating fast charging. This review explores the characteristics of lithium titanate oxide, the various synthesis methods employed, and its integration with carbon materials to enhance cycle stability, coulombic efficiency, and safety. It also proposes strategies for optimizing lithium titanate oxide properties to create sustainable anodes with reduced environmental impact using eco-friendly routes.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/22/1799lithium-ion batterieslithium titanate oxidesynthesis methodshybrid Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/carbon-based materials
spellingShingle Maria Apostolopoulou
Dimitra Vernardou
Stefano Passerini
Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
Nanomaterials
lithium-ion batteries
lithium titanate oxide
synthesis methods
hybrid Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/carbon-based materials
title Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_full Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_fullStr Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_full_unstemmed Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_short Optimization Strategies of Hybrid Lithium Titanate Oxide/Carbon Anodes for Lithium-Ion Batteries
title_sort optimization strategies of hybrid lithium titanate oxide carbon anodes for lithium ion batteries
topic lithium-ion batteries
lithium titanate oxide
synthesis methods
hybrid Li<sub>4</sub>Ti<sub>5</sub>O<sub>12</sub>/carbon-based materials
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/14/22/1799
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AT stefanopasserini optimizationstrategiesofhybridlithiumtitanateoxidecarbonanodesforlithiumionbatteries