Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues

Football is a low-scoring sport where a single goal can determine a team’s success. Understanding shot effectiveness and goalkeeper performance is crucial for optimizing match success. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shots and goalkeeper interventions by identifying the most favora...

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Main Authors: Pablo González-Jarrín, Jaime Fernández-Fernández, Juan García-López, José Vicente García-Tormo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Applied Sciences
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6002
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author Pablo González-Jarrín
Jaime Fernández-Fernández
Juan García-López
José Vicente García-Tormo
author_facet Pablo González-Jarrín
Jaime Fernández-Fernández
Juan García-López
José Vicente García-Tormo
author_sort Pablo González-Jarrín
collection DOAJ
description Football is a low-scoring sport where a single goal can determine a team’s success. Understanding shot effectiveness and goalkeeper performance is crucial for optimizing match success. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shots and goalkeeper interventions by identifying the most favorable areas on the field and within the goal. An observational notational analysis was conducted on 15,266 on-target shots from five major European leagues (Premier League, LaLiga, Bundesliga, Serie A, Ligue 1) during the 2022/2023 season. Data were extracted from FotMob and analyzed in SPSS using Pearson’s chi-square test (χ<sup>2</sup>) and adjusted residuals (AR) to determine significant patterns. Field and goal zones were divided based on previous studies, with the penalty area receiving further subdivisions due to its relevance to the analysis. The results indicated that match context, target areas within the goal, field zones, and previously identified high-effectiveness areas significantly influenced shot success (χ<sup>2</sup> < 0.001). Similarly, a significant association was found between the shooting foot and the side of attack (χ<sup>2</sup> < 0.001), while the body part used did not significantly affect the outcome (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.077). Understanding these patterns helps coaches and players optimize team performance. Future studies should analyze additional seasons to confirm these results.
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spelling doaj-art-cdfd86a0edfe45cd9900fdf2d215529f2025-08-20T02:23:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-05-011511600210.3390/app15116002Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football LeaguesPablo González-Jarrín0Jaime Fernández-Fernández1Juan García-López2José Vicente García-Tormo3Faculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, SpainFaculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, SpainFaculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, SpainFaculty of Physical Activity and Sports Sciences, Universidad de León, 24071 León, SpainFootball is a low-scoring sport where a single goal can determine a team’s success. Understanding shot effectiveness and goalkeeper performance is crucial for optimizing match success. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of shots and goalkeeper interventions by identifying the most favorable areas on the field and within the goal. An observational notational analysis was conducted on 15,266 on-target shots from five major European leagues (Premier League, LaLiga, Bundesliga, Serie A, Ligue 1) during the 2022/2023 season. Data were extracted from FotMob and analyzed in SPSS using Pearson’s chi-square test (χ<sup>2</sup>) and adjusted residuals (AR) to determine significant patterns. Field and goal zones were divided based on previous studies, with the penalty area receiving further subdivisions due to its relevance to the analysis. The results indicated that match context, target areas within the goal, field zones, and previously identified high-effectiveness areas significantly influenced shot success (χ<sup>2</sup> < 0.001). Similarly, a significant association was found between the shooting foot and the side of attack (χ<sup>2</sup> < 0.001), while the body part used did not significantly affect the outcome (χ<sup>2</sup> = 0.077). Understanding these patterns helps coaches and players optimize team performance. Future studies should analyze additional seasons to confirm these results.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6002shot effectivenessgoalkeeper effectivenessfootball tacticsgoal-scoring zonesfootball statistics
spellingShingle Pablo González-Jarrín
Jaime Fernández-Fernández
Juan García-López
José Vicente García-Tormo
Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues
Applied Sciences
shot effectiveness
goalkeeper effectiveness
football tactics
goal-scoring zones
football statistics
title Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues
title_full Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues
title_fullStr Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues
title_full_unstemmed Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues
title_short Finishing Patterns and Goalkeeper Interventions: A Notational Study of Shot Effectiveness in Europe’s Top Football Leagues
title_sort finishing patterns and goalkeeper interventions a notational study of shot effectiveness in europe s top football leagues
topic shot effectiveness
goalkeeper effectiveness
football tactics
goal-scoring zones
football statistics
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/11/6002
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