The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The work presented herein focused on the development and characterization of a transdermal caffeine platform fabricated from ultrathin micro- and submicron fibers produced via electrospinning. <b>Methods</b>: The formulations incorporated caffein...
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2025-07-01
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| author | Jorge Teno Zoran Evtoski Cristina Prieto Jose M. Lagaron |
| author_facet | Jorge Teno Zoran Evtoski Cristina Prieto Jose M. Lagaron |
| author_sort | Jorge Teno |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: The work presented herein focused on the development and characterization of a transdermal caffeine platform fabricated from ultrathin micro- and submicron fibers produced via electrospinning. <b>Methods</b>: The formulations incorporated caffeine encapsulated in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix, combined with various permeation enhancers. A backing layer made of annealed electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) facilitated the lamination of the two layers to form the final multilayer patch. Comprehensive characterization was conducted, utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the fiber morphology, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for chemical detection and to assess the stability of the caffeine, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) along with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to analyze the physical state of the caffeine within the fibers of the active layer. Additionally, Franz cell permeation studies were performed using both synthetic membranes (Strat-M) and ex vivo human stratum corneum (SC) to evaluate and model the permeation kinetics. <b>Results:</b> These experiments demonstrated the significant role of enhancers in modulating the caffeine permeation rates provided by the patch, achieving permeation rates of up to 0.73 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> within 24 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> This work highlights the potential of using electro-hydrodynamic processing technology to develop innovative transdermal delivery systems for drugs, offering a promising strategy for enhancing efficacy and innovative therapeutic direct plasma administration. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cdfa9deddc3042d2a4259c155ac5461e |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-cdfa9deddc3042d2a4259c155ac5461e2025-08-20T02:47:09ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-07-0117792110.3390/pharmaceutics17070921The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of CaffeineJorge Teno0Zoran Evtoski1Cristina Prieto2Jose M. Lagaron3R&D Department, Bionanopharma S.L., Calle Algepser 65 nave 3, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainNovel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainNovel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, SpainNovel Materials and Nanotechnology Group, Institute of Agrochemistry and Food Technology (IATA), Spanish Council for Scientific Research (CSIC), Calle Catedrático Agustín Escardino Benlloch 7, 46980 Paterna, Valencia, Spain<b>Background/Objectives</b>: The work presented herein focused on the development and characterization of a transdermal caffeine platform fabricated from ultrathin micro- and submicron fibers produced via electrospinning. <b>Methods</b>: The formulations incorporated caffeine encapsulated in a polyethylene oxide (PEO) matrix, combined with various permeation enhancers. A backing layer made of annealed electrospun polycaprolactone (PCL) facilitated the lamination of the two layers to form the final multilayer patch. Comprehensive characterization was conducted, utilizing scanning electron microscopy (SEM) to assess the fiber morphology, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) for chemical detection and to assess the stability of the caffeine, and differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) along with wide-angle X-ray scattering (WAXS) to analyze the physical state of the caffeine within the fibers of the active layer. Additionally, Franz cell permeation studies were performed using both synthetic membranes (Strat-M) and ex vivo human stratum corneum (SC) to evaluate and model the permeation kinetics. <b>Results:</b> These experiments demonstrated the significant role of enhancers in modulating the caffeine permeation rates provided by the patch, achieving permeation rates of up to 0.73 mg/cm<sup>2</sup> within 24 h. <b>Conclusions:</b> This work highlights the potential of using electro-hydrodynamic processing technology to develop innovative transdermal delivery systems for drugs, offering a promising strategy for enhancing efficacy and innovative therapeutic direct plasma administration.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/921electrospinningtransdermal delivery |
| spellingShingle | Jorge Teno Zoran Evtoski Cristina Prieto Jose M. Lagaron The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine Pharmaceutics electrospinning transdermal delivery |
| title | The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine |
| title_full | The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine |
| title_fullStr | The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine |
| title_short | The Development of a Multilayer Transdermal Patch Platform Based on Electrospun Nanofibers for the Delivery of Caffeine |
| title_sort | development of a multilayer transdermal patch platform based on electrospun nanofibers for the delivery of caffeine |
| topic | electrospinning transdermal delivery |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/921 |
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