Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces

Abstract Dynamically controlling electromagnetic waves at will is highly desired in many applications, but most previously realized mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces are of restricted wave-control capabilities due to the limited tuning ranges of structural properties (e.g., lattice constant o...

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Main Authors: Guobang Jiang, Yingying Wang, Ziyu Zhang, Weikang Pan, Yizhen Chen, Yang Wang, Xiangzhong Chen, Enming Song, Gaoshan Huang, Qiong He, Shulin Sun, Jizhai Cui, Lei Zhou, Yongfeng Mei
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-02-01
Series:Nature Communications
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56211-3
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author Guobang Jiang
Yingying Wang
Ziyu Zhang
Weikang Pan
Yizhen Chen
Yang Wang
Xiangzhong Chen
Enming Song
Gaoshan Huang
Qiong He
Shulin Sun
Jizhai Cui
Lei Zhou
Yongfeng Mei
author_facet Guobang Jiang
Yingying Wang
Ziyu Zhang
Weikang Pan
Yizhen Chen
Yang Wang
Xiangzhong Chen
Enming Song
Gaoshan Huang
Qiong He
Shulin Sun
Jizhai Cui
Lei Zhou
Yongfeng Mei
author_sort Guobang Jiang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Dynamically controlling electromagnetic waves at will is highly desired in many applications, but most previously realized mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces are of restricted wave-control capabilities due to the limited tuning ranges of structural properties (e.g., lattice constant or meta-atoms). Here, we present mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces in which both lattice constants and local reflection phases of constitutional meta-atoms can be synchronously controlled based on the kirigami rotation transformation, thereby exhibiting extended tuning ranges and thus wave-control capabilities. In particular, such metasurfaces can exhibit continuously varied and even re-formed reflection-phase profiles along with the kirigami rotation transformation, serving as ideal platforms to achieve reconfigurable beam steering in pre-designed manners. Using this concept, we design and fabricate two kirigami metasurfaces, working as a beam flipper and as a beam splitter for microwaves, respectively, and experimentally characterize their wave-manipulation functionalities. Experimental results are in good agreement with full-wave simulations. The proposed idea is so general that it can be applied to realize reconfigurable metasurfaces with different materials/configurations or in high frequency regimes, for controlling electromagnetic waves and other classical waves (e.g., acoustic waves).
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spelling doaj-art-cdeea98d508d4c7c9c6b66f6ac9b91142025-08-20T02:48:18ZengNature PortfolioNature Communications2041-17232025-02-011611910.1038/s41467-025-56211-3Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfacesGuobang Jiang0Yingying Wang1Ziyu Zhang2Weikang Pan3Yizhen Chen4Yang Wang5Xiangzhong Chen6Enming Song7Gaoshan Huang8Qiong He9Shulin Sun10Jizhai Cui11Lei Zhou12Yongfeng Mei13Department of Materials Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Materials Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Materials Science, Fudan UniversityInstitute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan UniversityInstitute of Optoelectronics, Shanghai Frontiers Science Research Base of Intelligent Optoelectronics and Perception, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Materials Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Materials Science, Fudan UniversityShanghai Key Laboratory of Metasurfaces for Light Manipulation, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Materials Science, Fudan UniversityAbstract Dynamically controlling electromagnetic waves at will is highly desired in many applications, but most previously realized mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces are of restricted wave-control capabilities due to the limited tuning ranges of structural properties (e.g., lattice constant or meta-atoms). Here, we present mechanically reconfigurable metasurfaces in which both lattice constants and local reflection phases of constitutional meta-atoms can be synchronously controlled based on the kirigami rotation transformation, thereby exhibiting extended tuning ranges and thus wave-control capabilities. In particular, such metasurfaces can exhibit continuously varied and even re-formed reflection-phase profiles along with the kirigami rotation transformation, serving as ideal platforms to achieve reconfigurable beam steering in pre-designed manners. Using this concept, we design and fabricate two kirigami metasurfaces, working as a beam flipper and as a beam splitter for microwaves, respectively, and experimentally characterize their wave-manipulation functionalities. Experimental results are in good agreement with full-wave simulations. The proposed idea is so general that it can be applied to realize reconfigurable metasurfaces with different materials/configurations or in high frequency regimes, for controlling electromagnetic waves and other classical waves (e.g., acoustic waves).https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56211-3
spellingShingle Guobang Jiang
Yingying Wang
Ziyu Zhang
Weikang Pan
Yizhen Chen
Yang Wang
Xiangzhong Chen
Enming Song
Gaoshan Huang
Qiong He
Shulin Sun
Jizhai Cui
Lei Zhou
Yongfeng Mei
Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
Nature Communications
title Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
title_full Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
title_fullStr Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
title_full_unstemmed Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
title_short Abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
title_sort abnormal beam steering with kirigami reconfigurable metasurfaces
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-025-56211-3
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