Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
This article describes the case of the personal items found in common graves dated between 1939 and 1956 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), located in Paterna’s cemetery (Spain). It was important in this study to know the state of the conservation of the objects and to obtain clues about their...
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| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2783 |
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| author | María Teresa Doménech-Carbó Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo Ramón Canal Roca Janire Múgica Mestanza |
| author_facet | María Teresa Doménech-Carbó Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo Ramón Canal Roca Janire Múgica Mestanza |
| author_sort | María Teresa Doménech-Carbó |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This article describes the case of the personal items found in common graves dated between 1939 and 1956 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), located in Paterna’s cemetery (Spain). It was important in this study to know the state of the conservation of the objects and to obtain clues about their origin and use just as in a forensic study. This would allow the moral restitution of the historical memory of the victims of the war conflict. The multi-technique strategy has included light and electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Materials of the early 20th century used in pencil sharpeners, glasses, cutlery, lighters, rings, and buttons or medications contained in small bottles and boxes have been identified and have enabled the lives of their owners to be reconstructed during their imprisonment and execution. All these objects exhibited a thin layer of adipocere, a well-known compound in forensic science formed during the decomposition of human and animal corpses. Interestingly, rare corrosion processes have been identified in two of the objects analyzed, which are linked to their proximity to the decomposing corpses of the deceased. Copper sulfides and/or sulfates have been identified in the lighter, and scholzite, a zinc and calcium phosphate, has been identified in the glasses. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cde97e33ba124d32a69ae573bd3385a7 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-cde97e33ba124d32a69ae573bd3385a72025-08-20T03:16:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013013278310.3390/molecules30132783Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)María Teresa Doménech-Carbó0Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo1Ramón Canal Roca2Janire Múgica Mestanza3Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 València, SpainMuseu de Prehistòria de València, Carrer de la Corona, 36, 46003 València, SpainMuseu de Prehistòria de València, Carrer de la Corona, 36, 46003 València, SpainInstituto de Restauración del Patrimonio, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 València, SpainThis article describes the case of the personal items found in common graves dated between 1939 and 1956 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), located in Paterna’s cemetery (Spain). It was important in this study to know the state of the conservation of the objects and to obtain clues about their origin and use just as in a forensic study. This would allow the moral restitution of the historical memory of the victims of the war conflict. The multi-technique strategy has included light and electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Materials of the early 20th century used in pencil sharpeners, glasses, cutlery, lighters, rings, and buttons or medications contained in small bottles and boxes have been identified and have enabled the lives of their owners to be reconstructed during their imprisonment and execution. All these objects exhibited a thin layer of adipocere, a well-known compound in forensic science formed during the decomposition of human and animal corpses. Interestingly, rare corrosion processes have been identified in two of the objects analyzed, which are linked to their proximity to the decomposing corpses of the deceased. Copper sulfides and/or sulfates have been identified in the lighter, and scholzite, a zinc and calcium phosphate, has been identified in the glasses.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2783forensic scienceconservation of heritageFTIR spectroscopyFESEM–EDXlight microscopyXRD |
| spellingShingle | María Teresa Doménech-Carbó Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo Ramón Canal Roca Janire Múgica Mestanza Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain) Molecules forensic science conservation of heritage FTIR spectroscopy FESEM–EDX light microscopy XRD |
| title | Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain) |
| title_full | Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain) |
| title_fullStr | Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain) |
| title_short | Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain) |
| title_sort | between heritage conservation and forensic science an analytical study of personal items found in mass graves of the francoism 1939 1956 spain |
| topic | forensic science conservation of heritage FTIR spectroscopy FESEM–EDX light microscopy XRD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2783 |
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