Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)

This article describes the case of the personal items found in common graves dated between 1939 and 1956 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), located in Paterna’s cemetery (Spain). It was important in this study to know the state of the conservation of the objects and to obtain clues about their...

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Main Authors: María Teresa Doménech-Carbó, Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo, Ramón Canal Roca, Janire Múgica Mestanza
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Molecules
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2783
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author María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo
Ramón Canal Roca
Janire Múgica Mestanza
author_facet María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo
Ramón Canal Roca
Janire Múgica Mestanza
author_sort María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
collection DOAJ
description This article describes the case of the personal items found in common graves dated between 1939 and 1956 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), located in Paterna’s cemetery (Spain). It was important in this study to know the state of the conservation of the objects and to obtain clues about their origin and use just as in a forensic study. This would allow the moral restitution of the historical memory of the victims of the war conflict. The multi-technique strategy has included light and electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Materials of the early 20th century used in pencil sharpeners, glasses, cutlery, lighters, rings, and buttons or medications contained in small bottles and boxes have been identified and have enabled the lives of their owners to be reconstructed during their imprisonment and execution. All these objects exhibited a thin layer of adipocere, a well-known compound in forensic science formed during the decomposition of human and animal corpses. Interestingly, rare corrosion processes have been identified in two of the objects analyzed, which are linked to their proximity to the decomposing corpses of the deceased. Copper sulfides and/or sulfates have been identified in the lighter, and scholzite, a zinc and calcium phosphate, has been identified in the glasses.
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spelling doaj-art-cde97e33ba124d32a69ae573bd3385a72025-08-20T03:16:42ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-06-013013278310.3390/molecules30132783Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)María Teresa Doménech-Carbó0Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo1Ramón Canal Roca2Janire Múgica Mestanza3Instituto de Restauración del Patrimonio, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 València, SpainMuseu de Prehistòria de València, Carrer de la Corona, 36, 46003 València, SpainMuseu de Prehistòria de València, Carrer de la Corona, 36, 46003 València, SpainInstituto de Restauración del Patrimonio, Universitat Politècnica de València, Camí de Vera 14, 46022 València, SpainThis article describes the case of the personal items found in common graves dated between 1939 and 1956 after the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939), located in Paterna’s cemetery (Spain). It was important in this study to know the state of the conservation of the objects and to obtain clues about their origin and use just as in a forensic study. This would allow the moral restitution of the historical memory of the victims of the war conflict. The multi-technique strategy has included light and electron microscopy, infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. Materials of the early 20th century used in pencil sharpeners, glasses, cutlery, lighters, rings, and buttons or medications contained in small bottles and boxes have been identified and have enabled the lives of their owners to be reconstructed during their imprisonment and execution. All these objects exhibited a thin layer of adipocere, a well-known compound in forensic science formed during the decomposition of human and animal corpses. Interestingly, rare corrosion processes have been identified in two of the objects analyzed, which are linked to their proximity to the decomposing corpses of the deceased. Copper sulfides and/or sulfates have been identified in the lighter, and scholzite, a zinc and calcium phosphate, has been identified in the glasses.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2783forensic scienceconservation of heritageFTIR spectroscopyFESEM–EDXlight microscopyXRD
spellingShingle María Teresa Doménech-Carbó
Trinidad Pasíes Oviedo
Ramón Canal Roca
Janire Múgica Mestanza
Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
Molecules
forensic science
conservation of heritage
FTIR spectroscopy
FESEM–EDX
light microscopy
XRD
title Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
title_full Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
title_fullStr Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
title_full_unstemmed Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
title_short Between Heritage Conservation and Forensic Science: An Analytical Study of Personal Items Found in Mass Graves of the Francoism (1939–1956) (Spain)
title_sort between heritage conservation and forensic science an analytical study of personal items found in mass graves of the francoism 1939 1956 spain
topic forensic science
conservation of heritage
FTIR spectroscopy
FESEM–EDX
light microscopy
XRD
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/13/2783
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