Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study

Abstract Introduction Obstetric hemorrhage remains a largely preventable cause of maternal mortality globally. The contribution of uterine atony to hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality has decreased in France, while the contribution of other causes of obstetric hemorrhage such as surgical injury du...

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Main Authors: Pauline L. M. deVries, Eric Verspyck, Estelle Morau, Monica Saucedo, Catherine Deneux‐Tharaux, the ENCMM study group
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2024-09-01
Series:Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14917
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author Pauline L. M. deVries
Eric Verspyck
Estelle Morau
Monica Saucedo
Catherine Deneux‐Tharaux
the ENCMM study group
author_facet Pauline L. M. deVries
Eric Verspyck
Estelle Morau
Monica Saucedo
Catherine Deneux‐Tharaux
the ENCMM study group
author_sort Pauline L. M. deVries
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Introduction Obstetric hemorrhage remains a largely preventable cause of maternal mortality globally. The contribution of uterine atony to hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality has decreased in France, while the contribution of other causes of obstetric hemorrhage such as surgical injury during cesarean has been reported to increase. However, little evidence exists regarding the risk factors and care processes of women who died from this cause of hemorrhage. Therefore, we aimed to describe the clinical profile, underlying mechanisms, and preventability factors among women who died from obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section. Material and Methods Nationwide analysis of all hemorrhage‐related maternal deaths by surgical injury during cesarean in France identified by the nationwide permanent enhanced maternal mortality surveillance system (ENCMM) between 2007 and 2018. We described the characteristics of the women, delivery hospitals, circumstances of hemorrhage, features of obstetric and resuscitation/transfusion care, and main preventability factors. Results Between 2007 and 2018, hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality in France decreased from 1.6/100 000 live births (95% CI 1.1–2.2) (39/2 472 650) in 2007–2009 to 0.8/100 000 live births (95% CI 0.5–1.3) (19/2 311 783) in 2016–2018. Hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality ratio due to surgical injury during cesarean increased from 0.08 (95% CI 0.01–0.3) (2/2 472 650) to 0.2 (95% CI 0.07–0.5) (5/2 311 783) per 100 000 live births. Among the 18 women who died from surgical injury during cesarean over the 12‐year study period, we report a high prevalence of obesity (67%, 12/18), previous cesarean (72%, 13/18), and second‐stage cesareans (56%, 10/18). In 22% (4/18), cesarean section was performed in a hospital providing <1000 births annually, with no blood bank (39%, 7/18) or no adult intensive care (44%, 8/18) on‐site. Overall preventability of deaths was 94% (17/18). Main preventability factors were related to delay in hemorrhage diagnosis (77%, 14/18) due to late recognition of abnormal parameters (33%, 6/18) and late bedside ultrasound (56%, 10/18), and delay in management due to insufficient surgical skills (56%, 10/18). Conclusions In France, surgical injury during cesarean section is an increasing, largely preventable contributor to hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality, as other causes of fatal hemorrhage have become less frequent. The profile of these women showed a high prevalence of obesity, previous cesarean, second‐stage cesarean, and delivery in hospitals with limited medical and surgical resources, which suggests explanatory mechanisms for the fatal outcome and opportunities for prevention.
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spelling doaj-art-cdddc783b8b14f7da2d9a28022a8e0642025-08-20T02:09:35ZengWileyActa Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica0001-63491600-04122024-09-0110391877188710.1111/aogs.14917Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide studyPauline L. M. deVries0Eric Verspyck1Estelle Morau2Monica Saucedo3Catherine Deneux‐Tharaux4the ENCMM study groupDepartment of Obstetrics Leiden University Medical Center Leiden The NetherlandsDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology University Hospital of Rouen Rouen FranceAnesthesia and Critical Care Department Nîmes University Hospital Nimes FranceUniversité Paris Cité, Inserm, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé) Paris FranceUniversité Paris Cité, Inserm, Obstetrical, Perinatal and Pediatric Epidemiology Research Team (Epopé) Paris FranceAbstract Introduction Obstetric hemorrhage remains a largely preventable cause of maternal mortality globally. The contribution of uterine atony to hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality has decreased in France, while the contribution of other causes of obstetric hemorrhage such as surgical injury during cesarean has been reported to increase. However, little evidence exists regarding the risk factors and care processes of women who died from this cause of hemorrhage. Therefore, we aimed to describe the clinical profile, underlying mechanisms, and preventability factors among women who died from obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section. Material and Methods Nationwide analysis of all hemorrhage‐related maternal deaths by surgical injury during cesarean in France identified by the nationwide permanent enhanced maternal mortality surveillance system (ENCMM) between 2007 and 2018. We described the characteristics of the women, delivery hospitals, circumstances of hemorrhage, features of obstetric and resuscitation/transfusion care, and main preventability factors. Results Between 2007 and 2018, hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality in France decreased from 1.6/100 000 live births (95% CI 1.1–2.2) (39/2 472 650) in 2007–2009 to 0.8/100 000 live births (95% CI 0.5–1.3) (19/2 311 783) in 2016–2018. Hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality ratio due to surgical injury during cesarean increased from 0.08 (95% CI 0.01–0.3) (2/2 472 650) to 0.2 (95% CI 0.07–0.5) (5/2 311 783) per 100 000 live births. Among the 18 women who died from surgical injury during cesarean over the 12‐year study period, we report a high prevalence of obesity (67%, 12/18), previous cesarean (72%, 13/18), and second‐stage cesareans (56%, 10/18). In 22% (4/18), cesarean section was performed in a hospital providing <1000 births annually, with no blood bank (39%, 7/18) or no adult intensive care (44%, 8/18) on‐site. Overall preventability of deaths was 94% (17/18). Main preventability factors were related to delay in hemorrhage diagnosis (77%, 14/18) due to late recognition of abnormal parameters (33%, 6/18) and late bedside ultrasound (56%, 10/18), and delay in management due to insufficient surgical skills (56%, 10/18). Conclusions In France, surgical injury during cesarean section is an increasing, largely preventable contributor to hemorrhage‐related maternal mortality, as other causes of fatal hemorrhage have become less frequent. The profile of these women showed a high prevalence of obesity, previous cesarean, second‐stage cesarean, and delivery in hospitals with limited medical and surgical resources, which suggests explanatory mechanisms for the fatal outcome and opportunities for prevention.https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14917cesarean sectioncesarean surgical injurymaternal mortalityobstetric hemorrhagepostpartum hemorrhagepreventability factors
spellingShingle Pauline L. M. deVries
Eric Verspyck
Estelle Morau
Monica Saucedo
Catherine Deneux‐Tharaux
the ENCMM study group
Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study
Acta Obstetricia et Gynecologica Scandinavica
cesarean section
cesarean surgical injury
maternal mortality
obstetric hemorrhage
postpartum hemorrhage
preventability factors
title Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study
title_full Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study
title_fullStr Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study
title_full_unstemmed Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study
title_short Maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section: A nationwide study
title_sort maternal mortality due to obstetric hemorrhage by surgical injury during cesarean section a nationwide study
topic cesarean section
cesarean surgical injury
maternal mortality
obstetric hemorrhage
postpartum hemorrhage
preventability factors
url https://doi.org/10.1111/aogs.14917
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