Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study

Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication following cardiac surgery with a high incidence in those with existing kidney dysfunction. Platelet distribution width (PDW) reflects variability in platelet size and serves as an indicator of platelet activation. Recent investiga...

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Main Authors: Yiqi Su, Xialian Xu, Zhe Luo, Yi Fang, Shaomin Gong, Jie Teng, Xiaoqiang Ding, Jiarui Xu, Wuhua Jiang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2024-11-01
Series:BMC Nephrology
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03802-9
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author Yiqi Su
Xialian Xu
Zhe Luo
Yi Fang
Shaomin Gong
Jie Teng
Xiaoqiang Ding
Jiarui Xu
Wuhua Jiang
author_facet Yiqi Su
Xialian Xu
Zhe Luo
Yi Fang
Shaomin Gong
Jie Teng
Xiaoqiang Ding
Jiarui Xu
Wuhua Jiang
author_sort Yiqi Su
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication following cardiac surgery with a high incidence in those with existing kidney dysfunction. Platelet distribution width (PDW) reflects variability in platelet size and serves as an indicator of platelet activation. Recent investigations linked PDW changes to kidney pathology, suggesting its utility in identifying individuals at risk for AKI, thus necessitating exploration of its predictive value. Methods Patients with preoperative renal dysfunction [15 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2] who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. PDW values were measured preoperatively and again upon admission to the ICU immediately after cardiac surgery, with the change in PDW (dPDW) defined as the difference between these two measurements. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI, defined base on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition and staging criteria. Multivariate regression models were performed to identify the association between dPDW and AKI and its potential trend. Restricted cubic spline analysis assessed non-linear associations between dPDW and AKI. The Youden index identified an optimal dPDW cut-off for AKI prediction. Subgroup analysis was performed to elucidate the consistency of these associations across the various subgroups. Results AKI occurred in 53.10% (513/966) of patients, accompanied by significant PDW increases in cases of AKI (P < 0.001). After adjusting confounders, dPDW was identified as a significant risk factor for AKI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.02 ~ 1.16), P = 0.012]. Patients in the highest dPDW quartile (Q4) had a 195% higher AKI risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 2.95, 95% CI:1.78 ∼ 4.90, P < 0.001). Trend analysis indicates that the risk of AKI increased with higher dPDW quartiles (P for trend < 0.001). Youden index showed that dRDW = 1.1 was identified as the optimal diagnostic cut-off value for AKI. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed a robust association between dPDW and AKI in all subgroups (P for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions This study underscored perioperative PDW changes as a significant predictor of postoperative AKI in patients with renal insufficiency, highlighting its potential in refining risk stratification and management strategies. Clinical trial number Not applicable for this observational retrospective study.
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spelling doaj-art-cdd812040fda49f290ae4ee7c353c2af2025-08-20T02:18:15ZengBMCBMC Nephrology1471-23692024-11-0125111010.1186/s12882-024-03802-9Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective studyYiqi Su0Xialian Xu1Zhe Luo2Yi Fang3Shaomin Gong4Jie Teng5Xiaoqiang Ding6Jiarui Xu7Wuhua Jiang8Department of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Cardiac Surgery Intensive Care Unit, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityDepartment of Nephrology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan UniversityAbstract Background Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a major complication following cardiac surgery with a high incidence in those with existing kidney dysfunction. Platelet distribution width (PDW) reflects variability in platelet size and serves as an indicator of platelet activation. Recent investigations linked PDW changes to kidney pathology, suggesting its utility in identifying individuals at risk for AKI, thus necessitating exploration of its predictive value. Methods Patients with preoperative renal dysfunction [15 ≤ estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) < 60 ml/min/1.73m2] who underwent cardiac surgery from January 2018 to December 2021 were retrospectively enrolled. PDW values were measured preoperatively and again upon admission to the ICU immediately after cardiac surgery, with the change in PDW (dPDW) defined as the difference between these two measurements. The primary outcome was postoperative AKI, defined base on the Kidney Disease: Improving Global Outcomes (KDIGO) definition and staging criteria. Multivariate regression models were performed to identify the association between dPDW and AKI and its potential trend. Restricted cubic spline analysis assessed non-linear associations between dPDW and AKI. The Youden index identified an optimal dPDW cut-off for AKI prediction. Subgroup analysis was performed to elucidate the consistency of these associations across the various subgroups. Results AKI occurred in 53.10% (513/966) of patients, accompanied by significant PDW increases in cases of AKI (P < 0.001). After adjusting confounders, dPDW was identified as a significant risk factor for AKI [odds ratio (OR) = 1.09, 95% confidence interval (CI): (1.02 ~ 1.16), P = 0.012]. Patients in the highest dPDW quartile (Q4) had a 195% higher AKI risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (Q1) (OR = 2.95, 95% CI:1.78 ∼ 4.90, P < 0.001). Trend analysis indicates that the risk of AKI increased with higher dPDW quartiles (P for trend < 0.001). Youden index showed that dRDW = 1.1 was identified as the optimal diagnostic cut-off value for AKI. Subgroup analyses and interaction tests showed a robust association between dPDW and AKI in all subgroups (P for interaction > 0.05). Conclusions This study underscored perioperative PDW changes as a significant predictor of postoperative AKI in patients with renal insufficiency, highlighting its potential in refining risk stratification and management strategies. Clinical trial number Not applicable for this observational retrospective study.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03802-9Cardiac surgeryAcute kidney injuryRisk factorsPlatelet distribution widthRenal function
spellingShingle Yiqi Su
Xialian Xu
Zhe Luo
Yi Fang
Shaomin Gong
Jie Teng
Xiaoqiang Ding
Jiarui Xu
Wuhua Jiang
Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study
BMC Nephrology
Cardiac surgery
Acute kidney injury
Risk factors
Platelet distribution width
Renal function
title Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study
title_full Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study
title_fullStr Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study
title_full_unstemmed Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study
title_short Association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency: a retrospective study
title_sort association between perioperative platelet distribution width changes and postoperative acute kidney injury in patients with renal insufficiency a retrospective study
topic Cardiac surgery
Acute kidney injury
Risk factors
Platelet distribution width
Renal function
url https://doi.org/10.1186/s12882-024-03802-9
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