Influence of engine driven nickel titanium metallurgy and preparation kinematics on apical sensing during apex locator integrated instrumentation

Abstract Background This study aimed to investigate the influence of multiple variations, such as different metallurgies available on the market in comparison with stainless steel, and simultaneously real-time reading and monitoring of apical sensing during instrumentation with various kinematic mov...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Olcay Özdemir, Sena Kaşıkçı, Sena Kolunsağ Özbek, Mustafa Gündoğar
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMC 2025-07-01
Series:BMC Oral Health
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-025-06612-z
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