Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond
Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition involving mechanisms that lead to brain dysfunction and nerve damage, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality globally. Affecting ~50 million people annually, TBI's impact includes a high death rate, exceeding that of heart disease an...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Neurology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1472679/full |
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| author | Aref Yarahmadi Masoumeh Dorri Giv Reza Hosseininejad Azin Rezaie Narges Mohammadi Hamed Afkhami Hamed Afkhami Hamed Afkhami Arastoo Farokhi |
| author_facet | Aref Yarahmadi Masoumeh Dorri Giv Reza Hosseininejad Azin Rezaie Narges Mohammadi Hamed Afkhami Hamed Afkhami Hamed Afkhami Arastoo Farokhi |
| author_sort | Aref Yarahmadi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition involving mechanisms that lead to brain dysfunction and nerve damage, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality globally. Affecting ~50 million people annually, TBI's impact includes a high death rate, exceeding that of heart disease and cancer. Complications arising from TBI encompass concussion, cerebral hemorrhage, tumors, encephalitis, delayed apoptosis, and necrosis. Current treatment methods, such as pharmacotherapy with dihydropyridines, high-pressure oxygen therapy, behavioral therapy, and non-invasive brain stimulation, have shown limited efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of vascular components is essential for developing new treatments to improve blood vessel-related brain damage. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in repairing and mitigating brain damage. Studies indicate that MSCs can promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis through various mechanisms, including releasing bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which help reduce neuroinflammation. In research, the distinctive characteristics of MSCs have positioned them as highly desirable cell sources. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the regulatory properties of MSCs and their manipulation, tagging, and transportation techniques for brain-related applications. This review explores the progress and prospects of MSC therapy in TBI, focusing on mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, and the challenges and potential limitations of using MSCs in treating neurological disorders. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cdb6f2466a42444d807928e5f89686b0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1664-2295 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Neurology |
| spelling | doaj-art-cdb6f2466a42444d807928e5f89686b02025-02-05T05:17:52ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neurology1664-22952025-02-011610.3389/fneur.2025.14726791472679Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyondAref Yarahmadi0Masoumeh Dorri Giv1Reza Hosseininejad2Azin Rezaie3Narges Mohammadi4Hamed Afkhami5Hamed Afkhami6Hamed Afkhami7Arastoo Farokhi8Department of Biology, Khorramabad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Khorramabad, IranNuclear Medicine Research Center, Ghaem Hospital, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, IranDepartment of Stem Cells and Developmental Biology, Cell Science Research Center, Royan Institute for Stem Cell Biology and Technology, ACECR, Tehran, IranDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, North Tehran Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Molecular Cell Biology and Microbiology, Faculty of Biological Sciences and Technologies, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, IranCellular and Molecular Research Center, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, IranNervous System Stem Cells Research Center, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, IranDepartment of Medical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Shahed University, Tehran, IranDepartment of Anesthesiology, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Hospital, Kermanshah, IranTraumatic brain injury (TBI) is a complex condition involving mechanisms that lead to brain dysfunction and nerve damage, resulting in significant morbidity and mortality globally. Affecting ~50 million people annually, TBI's impact includes a high death rate, exceeding that of heart disease and cancer. Complications arising from TBI encompass concussion, cerebral hemorrhage, tumors, encephalitis, delayed apoptosis, and necrosis. Current treatment methods, such as pharmacotherapy with dihydropyridines, high-pressure oxygen therapy, behavioral therapy, and non-invasive brain stimulation, have shown limited efficacy. A comprehensive understanding of vascular components is essential for developing new treatments to improve blood vessel-related brain damage. Recently, mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have shown promising results in repairing and mitigating brain damage. Studies indicate that MSCs can promote neurogenesis and angiogenesis through various mechanisms, including releasing bioactive molecules and extracellular vesicles (EVs), which help reduce neuroinflammation. In research, the distinctive characteristics of MSCs have positioned them as highly desirable cell sources. Extensive investigations have been conducted on the regulatory properties of MSCs and their manipulation, tagging, and transportation techniques for brain-related applications. This review explores the progress and prospects of MSC therapy in TBI, focusing on mechanisms of action, therapeutic benefits, and the challenges and potential limitations of using MSCs in treating neurological disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1472679/fullbraintraumatic brain injury (TBI)mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs)cell therapyextracellular vesicles (EVs) |
| spellingShingle | Aref Yarahmadi Masoumeh Dorri Giv Reza Hosseininejad Azin Rezaie Narges Mohammadi Hamed Afkhami Hamed Afkhami Hamed Afkhami Arastoo Farokhi Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond Frontiers in Neurology brain traumatic brain injury (TBI) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cell therapy extracellular vesicles (EVs) |
| title | Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond |
| title_full | Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond |
| title_fullStr | Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond |
| title_short | Mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders: traumatic brain injury and beyond |
| title_sort | mesenchymal stem cells and their extracellular vesicle therapy for neurological disorders traumatic brain injury and beyond |
| topic | brain traumatic brain injury (TBI) mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) cell therapy extracellular vesicles (EVs) |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fneur.2025.1472679/full |
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