Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort

Objectives Despite the recent awareness of the environment impact on brain ageing, the influence of the neighbourhood socioeconomic status on cognitive impairment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of individual and neighbourhood deprivation on cognitive impairment in middle-aged and...

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Main Authors: Marcel Goldberg, Marie Zins, Claudine Berr, Noémie Letellier, Isabelle Carrière, Emmanuelle Cadot, Lisa Berkman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: BMJ Publishing Group 2020-03-01
Series:BMJ Open
Online Access:https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/3/e033751.full
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author Marcel Goldberg
Marie Zins
Claudine Berr
Noémie Letellier
Isabelle Carrière
Emmanuelle Cadot
Lisa Berkman
author_facet Marcel Goldberg
Marie Zins
Claudine Berr
Noémie Letellier
Isabelle Carrière
Emmanuelle Cadot
Lisa Berkman
author_sort Marcel Goldberg
collection DOAJ
description Objectives Despite the recent awareness of the environment impact on brain ageing, the influence of the neighbourhood socioeconomic status on cognitive impairment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of individual and neighbourhood deprivation on cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young-old people.Design Cross-sectional study.Settings 21 Health Screening Centres in the entire French metropolitan territory.Participants A total of 44 648 participants (age range: 45 to 69 years) from the French CONSTANCES cohort were included in the analyses.Main outcomes Associations between the overall cognitive score (based on a standardised battery of cognitive tests administered by neuropsychologists) and individual deprivation (Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Screening Centres; EPICES score) and geographical deprivation (French Deprivation Index; FDep index).Results Based on the EPICES score (validated cut-off ≥30.17), 12% of participants were considered to be deprived. After mutual adjustment, individual and geographical deprivation were associated with higher cognitive impairment in a multilevel logistic regression analysis that was also adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors. Specifically, individual deprivation was associated with an odds increase of 55% (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.66). The risk of global cognitive impairment progressively increased with the neighbourhood deprivation level, evaluated by the FDep index (reference Q1; Q2: OR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.20; Q3: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27; Q4: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.28; Q5: OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.39).Conclusion Our results suggest that the neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation level is associated with cognitive impairment, independently of the individual deprivation level. A better understanding of this association could help to define new prevention strategies to target high-risk residents and high-risk geographical areas in order to reduce social health inequalities.
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spelling doaj-art-cdb551a649374805bbe5bdb9013dbacc2025-08-20T02:20:06ZengBMJ Publishing GroupBMJ Open2044-60552020-03-0110310.1136/bmjopen-2019-033751Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohortMarcel Goldberg0Marie Zins1Claudine Berr2Noémie Letellier3Isabelle Carrière4Emmanuelle Cadot5Lisa Berkman6UMS 011, Population-based Epidemiological Cohorts, INSERM, Villejuif, FranceUVSQ, INSERM, VIMA; Aging and chronic diseases, U1168, Villejuif, FranceNeuropsychiat Epidemiol & Clin Res, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, FranceNeuropsychiat Epidemiol & Clin Res, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, FranceNeuropsychiat Epidemiol & Clin Res, Univ Montpellier, INSERM, Montpellier, FranceIRD – Hydrosciences UMR 5569, Montpellier University, Montpellier, FranceMRC/Wits Rural Public Health and Health Transitions Research Unit, School of Public Health, University of the Witwatersrand Faculty of Health Sciences, Johannesburg, Gauteng, South AfricaObjectives Despite the recent awareness of the environment impact on brain ageing, the influence of the neighbourhood socioeconomic status on cognitive impairment remains unclear. Here, we investigated the effects of individual and neighbourhood deprivation on cognitive impairment in middle-aged and young-old people.Design Cross-sectional study.Settings 21 Health Screening Centres in the entire French metropolitan territory.Participants A total of 44 648 participants (age range: 45 to 69 years) from the French CONSTANCES cohort were included in the analyses.Main outcomes Associations between the overall cognitive score (based on a standardised battery of cognitive tests administered by neuropsychologists) and individual deprivation (Evaluation of Deprivation and Inequalities in Health Screening Centres; EPICES score) and geographical deprivation (French Deprivation Index; FDep index).Results Based on the EPICES score (validated cut-off ≥30.17), 12% of participants were considered to be deprived. After mutual adjustment, individual and geographical deprivation were associated with higher cognitive impairment in a multilevel logistic regression analysis that was also adjusted for sociodemographic, lifestyle and health factors. Specifically, individual deprivation was associated with an odds increase of 55% (OR=1.55, 95% CI: 1.45 to 1.66). The risk of global cognitive impairment progressively increased with the neighbourhood deprivation level, evaluated by the FDep index (reference Q1; Q2: OR=1.09, 95% CI: 0.98 to 1.20; Q3: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.27; Q4: OR=1.15, 95% CI: 1.04 to 1.28; Q5: OR=1.25, 95% CI: 1.13 to 1.39).Conclusion Our results suggest that the neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation level is associated with cognitive impairment, independently of the individual deprivation level. A better understanding of this association could help to define new prevention strategies to target high-risk residents and high-risk geographical areas in order to reduce social health inequalities.https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/3/e033751.full
spellingShingle Marcel Goldberg
Marie Zins
Claudine Berr
Noémie Letellier
Isabelle Carrière
Emmanuelle Cadot
Lisa Berkman
Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
BMJ Open
title Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
title_full Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
title_fullStr Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
title_full_unstemmed Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
title_short Individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment: cross-sectional findings from the French CONSTANCES cohort
title_sort individual and neighbourhood socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment cross sectional findings from the french constances cohort
url https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/10/3/e033751.full
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