Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics

In recent years, significant advancements have been made in utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), offering new opportunities for nanotherapeutic interventions in neurological disorders. NPs can serve as carriers for immunomodulatory agent...

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Main Authors: Chantalle Moulton, Anna Baroni, Erica Quagliarini, Lucia Leone, Luca Digiacomo, Marta Morotti, Giulio Caracciolo, Maria Vittoria Podda, Ennio Tasciotti
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2024-11-01
Series:Frontiers in Immunology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1447567/full
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author Chantalle Moulton
Anna Baroni
Erica Quagliarini
Lucia Leone
Lucia Leone
Luca Digiacomo
Marta Morotti
Marta Morotti
Giulio Caracciolo
Maria Vittoria Podda
Maria Vittoria Podda
Ennio Tasciotti
Ennio Tasciotti
author_facet Chantalle Moulton
Anna Baroni
Erica Quagliarini
Lucia Leone
Lucia Leone
Luca Digiacomo
Marta Morotti
Marta Morotti
Giulio Caracciolo
Maria Vittoria Podda
Maria Vittoria Podda
Ennio Tasciotti
Ennio Tasciotti
author_sort Chantalle Moulton
collection DOAJ
description In recent years, significant advancements have been made in utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), offering new opportunities for nanotherapeutic interventions in neurological disorders. NPs can serve as carriers for immunomodulatory agents or platforms for delivering nucleic acid-based therapeutics to regulate gene expression and modulate immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NP-mediated immune modulation in preclinical models of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. While challenges remain, advancements in NPs engineering and design have led to the development of NPs using diverse strategies to overcome these challenges. The nano-bio interface with the immune system is key in the conceptualization of NPs to efficiently act as nanotherapeutics in the CNS. The biomolecular corona plays a pivotal role in dictating NPs behavior and immune recognition within the CNS, giving researchers the opportunity to optimize NPs design and surface modifications to minimize immunogenicity and enhance biocompatibility. Here, we review how NPs interact with the CNS immune system, focusing on immunosurveillance of NPs, NP-induced immune reprogramming and the impact of the biomolecular corona on NPs behavior in CNS immune responses. The integration of NPs into CNS nanotherapeutics offers promising opportunities for addressing the complex challenges of acute and chronic neurological conditions and pathologies, also in the context of preventive and rehabilitative medicine. By harnessing the nano-bio immune interface and understanding the significance of the biomolecular corona, researchers can develop targeted, safe, and effective nanotherapeutic interventions for a wide range of CNS disorders to improve treatment and rehabilitation. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape of neurological diseases, offering promising solutions for improved patient care and quality of life in the future.
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spelling doaj-art-cda00adfbfba4608bb367e763742d1872025-08-20T02:14:07ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242024-11-011510.3389/fimmu.2024.14475671447567Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeuticsChantalle Moulton0Anna Baroni1Erica Quagliarini2Lucia Leone3Lucia Leone4Luca Digiacomo5Marta Morotti6Marta Morotti7Giulio Caracciolo8Maria Vittoria Podda9Maria Vittoria Podda10Ennio Tasciotti11Ennio Tasciotti12Human Longevity Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, ItalyHuman Longevity Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Molecular Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Neuroscience, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, Rome, ItalyFondazione Policlinico Universitario A. Gemelli IRCCS, Rome, ItalyHuman Longevity Program, IRCCS San Raffaele Roma, Rome, ItalyDepartment of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, Università telematica San Raffaele, Rome, ItalyIn recent years, significant advancements have been made in utilizing nanoparticles (NPs) to modulate immune responses within the central nervous system (CNS), offering new opportunities for nanotherapeutic interventions in neurological disorders. NPs can serve as carriers for immunomodulatory agents or platforms for delivering nucleic acid-based therapeutics to regulate gene expression and modulate immune responses. Several studies have demonstrated the efficacy of NP-mediated immune modulation in preclinical models of neurological diseases, including multiple sclerosis, stroke, Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s disease. While challenges remain, advancements in NPs engineering and design have led to the development of NPs using diverse strategies to overcome these challenges. The nano-bio interface with the immune system is key in the conceptualization of NPs to efficiently act as nanotherapeutics in the CNS. The biomolecular corona plays a pivotal role in dictating NPs behavior and immune recognition within the CNS, giving researchers the opportunity to optimize NPs design and surface modifications to minimize immunogenicity and enhance biocompatibility. Here, we review how NPs interact with the CNS immune system, focusing on immunosurveillance of NPs, NP-induced immune reprogramming and the impact of the biomolecular corona on NPs behavior in CNS immune responses. The integration of NPs into CNS nanotherapeutics offers promising opportunities for addressing the complex challenges of acute and chronic neurological conditions and pathologies, also in the context of preventive and rehabilitative medicine. By harnessing the nano-bio immune interface and understanding the significance of the biomolecular corona, researchers can develop targeted, safe, and effective nanotherapeutic interventions for a wide range of CNS disorders to improve treatment and rehabilitation. These advancements have the potential to revolutionize the treatment landscape of neurological diseases, offering promising solutions for improved patient care and quality of life in the future.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1447567/fullnanoparticlescentral nervous systemimmunosurveillanceimmune reprogrammingbiomolecular coronananotherapeutics
spellingShingle Chantalle Moulton
Anna Baroni
Erica Quagliarini
Lucia Leone
Lucia Leone
Luca Digiacomo
Marta Morotti
Marta Morotti
Giulio Caracciolo
Maria Vittoria Podda
Maria Vittoria Podda
Ennio Tasciotti
Ennio Tasciotti
Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
Frontiers in Immunology
nanoparticles
central nervous system
immunosurveillance
immune reprogramming
biomolecular corona
nanotherapeutics
title Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
title_full Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
title_fullStr Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
title_full_unstemmed Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
title_short Navigating the nano-bio immune interface: advancements and challenges in CNS nanotherapeutics
title_sort navigating the nano bio immune interface advancements and challenges in cns nanotherapeutics
topic nanoparticles
central nervous system
immunosurveillance
immune reprogramming
biomolecular corona
nanotherapeutics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1447567/full
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