The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods

Excavator operations play a critical role in the productivity of earthworks, yet traditional methods often rely heavily on operators’ intuition and experience, which can lead to inconsistent outcomes. This study investigates how machine guidance (MG) providing real-time feedback relating to excavati...

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Main Authors: Hyunsik Kim, Jeonghwan Kim, Bangyul An, Taeseok Song, Jaehoon Oh, Minki Kim, Seungju Lee
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3729
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author Hyunsik Kim
Jeonghwan Kim
Bangyul An
Taeseok Song
Jaehoon Oh
Minki Kim
Seungju Lee
author_facet Hyunsik Kim
Jeonghwan Kim
Bangyul An
Taeseok Song
Jaehoon Oh
Minki Kim
Seungju Lee
author_sort Hyunsik Kim
collection DOAJ
description Excavator operations play a critical role in the productivity of earthworks, yet traditional methods often rely heavily on operators’ intuition and experience, which can lead to inconsistent outcomes. This study investigates how machine guidance (MG) providing real-time feedback relating to excavation depth and slope can modify operators’ actions and improve performance compared with conventional excavation methods. A controlled experiment was conducted at an active construction site, in which four footings were excavated using the two approaches under similar conditions. The results demonstrated that MG excavation reduced the total duration of the work from 3650 s to 2652 s and decreased the number of excavation cycles from 68 to 57, underscoring the impact of timely, precise guidance on efficiency. Moreover, the average fill factor improved from 3.04 under conventional methods to 3.47 with MG, suggesting more consistent and optimal loading of the bucket. These findings confirm that real-time feedback can enhance operator confidence, reduce unnecessary movements, and foster systematic excavation strategies. This study thus provides empirical evidence that MG can significantly optimize excavation performance, highlighting the need for broader adoption of this technology in modern construction practices.
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spelling doaj-art-cd9f52ce1361416a9dfd59d1568d3a322025-08-20T03:08:44ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01157372910.3390/app15073729The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional MethodsHyunsik Kim0Jeonghwan Kim1Bangyul An2Taeseok Song3Jaehoon Oh4Minki Kim5Seungju Lee6Transportation Environmental Research Department, Korea Railway Research Institute, Uiwang 16105, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of KoreaKorea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Korea National University of Transportation, Chungju 27469, Republic of KoreaExcavator operations play a critical role in the productivity of earthworks, yet traditional methods often rely heavily on operators’ intuition and experience, which can lead to inconsistent outcomes. This study investigates how machine guidance (MG) providing real-time feedback relating to excavation depth and slope can modify operators’ actions and improve performance compared with conventional excavation methods. A controlled experiment was conducted at an active construction site, in which four footings were excavated using the two approaches under similar conditions. The results demonstrated that MG excavation reduced the total duration of the work from 3650 s to 2652 s and decreased the number of excavation cycles from 68 to 57, underscoring the impact of timely, precise guidance on efficiency. Moreover, the average fill factor improved from 3.04 under conventional methods to 3.47 with MG, suggesting more consistent and optimal loading of the bucket. These findings confirm that real-time feedback can enhance operator confidence, reduce unnecessary movements, and foster systematic excavation strategies. This study thus provides empirical evidence that MG can significantly optimize excavation performance, highlighting the need for broader adoption of this technology in modern construction practices.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3729machine guidanceexcavatorexcavationearthworks
spellingShingle Hyunsik Kim
Jeonghwan Kim
Bangyul An
Taeseok Song
Jaehoon Oh
Minki Kim
Seungju Lee
The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods
Applied Sciences
machine guidance
excavator
excavation
earthworks
title The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods
title_full The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods
title_fullStr The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods
title_full_unstemmed The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods
title_short The Influence of Real-Time Feedback on Excavator Operator Actions in Footing Excavation: Machine Guidance and Conventional Methods
title_sort influence of real time feedback on excavator operator actions in footing excavation machine guidance and conventional methods
topic machine guidance
excavator
excavation
earthworks
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/7/3729
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