Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes

IntroductionDistant metastasis (DM) is the most important prognostic factor affecting the overall survival (OS) of thyroid cancer. The current study aimed to discover prognostic biomarkers to predict thyroid cancer survival, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common subtype of...

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Main Authors: Bushra Alnwisser, Salman Alshehri, Amal Qattan, Minjing Zou, Abdelilah Aboussekhra, Ali S. Alzahrani, Yufei Shi
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Oncology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1536270/full
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author Bushra Alnwisser
Salman Alshehri
Salman Alshehri
Amal Qattan
Minjing Zou
Abdelilah Aboussekhra
Ali S. Alzahrani
Ali S. Alzahrani
Yufei Shi
author_facet Bushra Alnwisser
Salman Alshehri
Salman Alshehri
Amal Qattan
Minjing Zou
Abdelilah Aboussekhra
Ali S. Alzahrani
Ali S. Alzahrani
Yufei Shi
author_sort Bushra Alnwisser
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionDistant metastasis (DM) is the most important prognostic factor affecting the overall survival (OS) of thyroid cancer. The current study aimed to discover prognostic biomarkers to predict thyroid cancer survival, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common subtype of thyroid cancer.MethodsFour RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets of experimental lung metastasis from four transgenic mouse models of PTC, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) were integrated to screen for candidate genes involved in DM. The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) dataset was used to validate the candidate genes.ResultsA total of 105 upregulated and 25 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to be present in all four datasets. Regulation of cytokine production, inflammation, immune checkpoint regulation, and MAPK/ERK cascade were major enriched pathways in metastatic tumor cells. Seven genes were identified whose overexpression was present in 63 of 498 PTC patients (13%) and was associated with poor OS (p < 0.01). Clinically, the seven-gene expression signature was associated with older age at the diagnosis, late stage of tumor, tall cell variant, and higher aneuploidy and hypoxia score. Mutation load was increased in patients with seven-gene expression signature: 26 samples had more than one driver mutation (47%, 26/55). Deep deletions in other chromosomal loci were frequently found in patients with BRAFV600E mutations. In contrast, only 7% of patients without a seven-gene expression signature had more than one driver mutation (24/243). Increased chromosomal instability was also observed in patients with a seven gene expression signature.ConclusionThe seven-gene expression signature is associated with poor prognosis and chromosomal instability. These genes may be useful biomarkers for risk stratification for DM and help decision-making in initial surgical recommendations.
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spelling doaj-art-cd9c4a5c2faa454485229df0fa98c1492025-08-20T03:07:54ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oncology2234-943X2025-05-011510.3389/fonc.2025.15362701536270Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genesBushra Alnwisser0Salman Alshehri1Salman Alshehri2Amal Qattan3Minjing Zou4Abdelilah Aboussekhra5Ali S. Alzahrani6Ali S. Alzahrani7Yufei Shi8Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaKing Abdulaziz and His Companions Foundation for Giftedness and Creativity, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Centre, Riyadh, Saudi ArabiaIntroductionDistant metastasis (DM) is the most important prognostic factor affecting the overall survival (OS) of thyroid cancer. The current study aimed to discover prognostic biomarkers to predict thyroid cancer survival, particularly papillary thyroid carcinoma (PTC), the most common subtype of thyroid cancer.MethodsFour RNA sequencing (RNA-Seq) datasets of experimental lung metastasis from four transgenic mouse models of PTC, follicular thyroid cancer (FTC), poorly differentiated thyroid cancer (PDTC), and anaplastic thyroid cancer (ATC) were integrated to screen for candidate genes involved in DM. The Cancer Genome Atlas-Thyroid Cancer (TCGA-THCA) dataset was used to validate the candidate genes.ResultsA total of 105 upregulated and 25 downregulated differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified to be present in all four datasets. Regulation of cytokine production, inflammation, immune checkpoint regulation, and MAPK/ERK cascade were major enriched pathways in metastatic tumor cells. Seven genes were identified whose overexpression was present in 63 of 498 PTC patients (13%) and was associated with poor OS (p < 0.01). Clinically, the seven-gene expression signature was associated with older age at the diagnosis, late stage of tumor, tall cell variant, and higher aneuploidy and hypoxia score. Mutation load was increased in patients with seven-gene expression signature: 26 samples had more than one driver mutation (47%, 26/55). Deep deletions in other chromosomal loci were frequently found in patients with BRAFV600E mutations. In contrast, only 7% of patients without a seven-gene expression signature had more than one driver mutation (24/243). Increased chromosomal instability was also observed in patients with a seven gene expression signature.ConclusionThe seven-gene expression signature is associated with poor prognosis and chromosomal instability. These genes may be useful biomarkers for risk stratification for DM and help decision-making in initial surgical recommendations.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1536270/fullmetastasis-associated geneprognosisbiomarkermetastasisthyroid cancer
spellingShingle Bushra Alnwisser
Salman Alshehri
Salman Alshehri
Amal Qattan
Minjing Zou
Abdelilah Aboussekhra
Ali S. Alzahrani
Ali S. Alzahrani
Yufei Shi
Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes
Frontiers in Oncology
metastasis-associated gene
prognosis
biomarker
metastasis
thyroid cancer
title Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes
title_full Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes
title_fullStr Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes
title_full_unstemmed Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes
title_short Identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis-associated genes
title_sort identification of novel prognostic biomarkers for thyroid cancer by integrated transcriptome analysis of metastasis associated genes
topic metastasis-associated gene
prognosis
biomarker
metastasis
thyroid cancer
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fonc.2025.1536270/full
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