Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress

With the rise of virtual avatars in professional, educational, and recreational settings, this study investigates how different avatar types—varying in realism, gender, and identity—affect user perceptions of embodiment, acceptability, technostress, privacy, and preferences. Two studies were conduct...

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Main Authors: Cristina Gasch, Alireza Javanmardi, Ameer Khan, Azucena Garcia-Palacios, Alain Pagani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3290
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author Cristina Gasch
Alireza Javanmardi
Ameer Khan
Azucena Garcia-Palacios
Alain Pagani
author_facet Cristina Gasch
Alireza Javanmardi
Ameer Khan
Azucena Garcia-Palacios
Alain Pagani
author_sort Cristina Gasch
collection DOAJ
description With the rise of virtual avatars in professional, educational, and recreational settings, this study investigates how different avatar types—varying in realism, gender, and identity—affect user perceptions of embodiment, acceptability, technostress, privacy, and preferences. Two studies were conducted with 42 participants in Study 1 and 40 in Study 2, including professionals and students with varying VR experiences. In Study 1, participants used pre-assigned avatars they could control during interactions. In Study 2, an interviewer used different avatars to interact with participants and assess their impact. Questionnaires and correlation analyses measured embodiment, technostress, privacy, and preference variations across contexts. Results showed that hyper-realistic avatars resembling the user enhanced perceived embodiment and credibility in professional and educational settings, while non-realistic avatars were preferred in recreational contexts, particularly when interacting with strangers. Technostress was generally low, though younger users were more sensitive to avatar appearance, and privacy concerns increased when avatars were controlled by others. Gender differences emerged, with women expressing more concern about appearance and men preferring same-gender avatars in professional environments. These findings highlight the need for VR platform designers to balance realism with user comfort and address privacy concerns to encourage broader adoption in professional and educational applications.
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spelling doaj-art-cd9aa0e3bfaa4b4e807a5a241e2258b72025-08-20T02:42:41ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-03-01156329010.3390/app15063290Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and TechnostressCristina Gasch0Alireza Javanmardi1Ameer Khan2Azucena Garcia-Palacios3Alain Pagani4Department of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, SpainGerman Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyGerman Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyDepartment of Basic and Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, Universitat Jaume I, 12006 Castelló de la Plana, SpainGerman Research Center for Artificial Intelligence (DFKI), 67663 Kaiserslautern, GermanyWith the rise of virtual avatars in professional, educational, and recreational settings, this study investigates how different avatar types—varying in realism, gender, and identity—affect user perceptions of embodiment, acceptability, technostress, privacy, and preferences. Two studies were conducted with 42 participants in Study 1 and 40 in Study 2, including professionals and students with varying VR experiences. In Study 1, participants used pre-assigned avatars they could control during interactions. In Study 2, an interviewer used different avatars to interact with participants and assess their impact. Questionnaires and correlation analyses measured embodiment, technostress, privacy, and preference variations across contexts. Results showed that hyper-realistic avatars resembling the user enhanced perceived embodiment and credibility in professional and educational settings, while non-realistic avatars were preferred in recreational contexts, particularly when interacting with strangers. Technostress was generally low, though younger users were more sensitive to avatar appearance, and privacy concerns increased when avatars were controlled by others. Gender differences emerged, with women expressing more concern about appearance and men preferring same-gender avatars in professional environments. These findings highlight the need for VR platform designers to balance realism with user comfort and address privacy concerns to encourage broader adoption in professional and educational applications.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3290avatarvirtual realityhuman–computer interaction
spellingShingle Cristina Gasch
Alireza Javanmardi
Ameer Khan
Azucena Garcia-Palacios
Alain Pagani
Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress
Applied Sciences
avatar
virtual reality
human–computer interaction
title Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress
title_full Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress
title_fullStr Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress
title_full_unstemmed Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress
title_short Exploring Avatar Utilization in Workplace and Educational Environments: A Study on User Acceptance, Preferences, and Technostress
title_sort exploring avatar utilization in workplace and educational environments a study on user acceptance preferences and technostress
topic avatar
virtual reality
human–computer interaction
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/6/3290
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