Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs

We identify the universal mechanism behind the thermalization of (1+1)d QFTs at high and low temperatures. Viewing these theories as CFTs perturbed by relevant or irrelevant deformations, we show that conformal perturbation theory in the thermal state breaks down at late times allowing for the emerg...

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Main Author: Richard A. Davison, Luca V. Delacretaz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: SciPost 2025-06-01
Series:SciPost Physics
Online Access:https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.18.6.177
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author Richard A. Davison, Luca V. Delacretaz
author_facet Richard A. Davison, Luca V. Delacretaz
author_sort Richard A. Davison, Luca V. Delacretaz
collection DOAJ
description We identify the universal mechanism behind the thermalization of (1+1)d QFTs at high and low temperatures. Viewing these theories as CFTs perturbed by relevant or irrelevant deformations, we show that conformal perturbation theory in the thermal state breaks down at late times allowing for the emergence of hydrodynamics. This breakdown occurs universally due to the unsuppressed exchange of stress tensors near the lightcone. Furthermore, for theories with central charge $c→∞$ we solve for the emergent hydrodynamic theory to all orders in the gradient expansion by arguing that all transport parameters appearing in two-point functions have universal expressions in terms of the scaling dimension $\Delta$ of the perturbation. The radius of convergence of the hydrodynamic dispersion relations provides an early time cutoff for hydrodynamics, which agrees with the time scale at which conformal perturbation theory breaks down.
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spelling doaj-art-cd8f4c13647144f6b4f7fa88a22f35552025-08-20T03:24:48ZengSciPostSciPost Physics2542-46532025-06-0118617710.21468/SciPostPhys.18.6.177Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTsRichard A. Davison, Luca V. DelacretazWe identify the universal mechanism behind the thermalization of (1+1)d QFTs at high and low temperatures. Viewing these theories as CFTs perturbed by relevant or irrelevant deformations, we show that conformal perturbation theory in the thermal state breaks down at late times allowing for the emergence of hydrodynamics. This breakdown occurs universally due to the unsuppressed exchange of stress tensors near the lightcone. Furthermore, for theories with central charge $c→∞$ we solve for the emergent hydrodynamic theory to all orders in the gradient expansion by arguing that all transport parameters appearing in two-point functions have universal expressions in terms of the scaling dimension $\Delta$ of the perturbation. The radius of convergence of the hydrodynamic dispersion relations provides an early time cutoff for hydrodynamics, which agrees with the time scale at which conformal perturbation theory breaks down.https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.18.6.177
spellingShingle Richard A. Davison, Luca V. Delacretaz
Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs
SciPost Physics
title Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs
title_full Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs
title_fullStr Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs
title_full_unstemmed Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs
title_short Universal thermalization dynamics in (1+1)d QFTs
title_sort universal thermalization dynamics in 1 1 d qfts
url https://scipost.org/SciPostPhys.18.6.177
work_keys_str_mv AT richardadavisonlucavdelacretaz universalthermalizationdynamicsin11dqfts