Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor

Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a molecular pattern uniquely produced in cells infected with various viruses as a product or byproduct of replication. Cells detect such molecules, which indicate non-self invasion, and induce diverse immune responses to eliminate them. The degradation of virus-derived...

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Main Authors: Yuuki Fujiwara, Kazuki Oroku, Yinping Zhou, Masayuki Takahashi, Taiichi Katayama, Keiji Wada, Nobuyuki Tsutsumi, Tetsuo Sato, Tomohiro Kabuta
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2024-12-01
Series:RNA Biology
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15476286.2023.2291610
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author Yuuki Fujiwara
Kazuki Oroku
Yinping Zhou
Masayuki Takahashi
Taiichi Katayama
Keiji Wada
Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
Tetsuo Sato
Tomohiro Kabuta
author_facet Yuuki Fujiwara
Kazuki Oroku
Yinping Zhou
Masayuki Takahashi
Taiichi Katayama
Keiji Wada
Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
Tetsuo Sato
Tomohiro Kabuta
author_sort Yuuki Fujiwara
collection DOAJ
description Double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a molecular pattern uniquely produced in cells infected with various viruses as a product or byproduct of replication. Cells detect such molecules, which indicate non-self invasion, and induce diverse immune responses to eliminate them. The degradation of virus-derived molecules can also play a role in the removal of pathogens and suppression of their replication. RNautophagy and DNautophagy are cellular degradative pathways in which RNA and DNA are directly imported into a hydrolytic organelle, the lysosome. Two lysosomal membrane proteins, SIDT2 and LAMP2C, mediate nucleic acid uptake via this pathway. Here, we showed that the expression of both SIDT2 and LAMP2C is selectively upregulated during the intracellular detection of poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of dsRNA that mimics viral infection. The upregulation of these two gene products upon poly(I:C) introduction was transient and synchronized. We also observed that the induction of SIDT2 and LAMP2C expression by poly(I:C) was dependent on MDA5, a cytoplasmic innate immune receptor that directly recognizes poly(I:C) and induces various antiviral responses. Finally, we showed that lysosomes can target viral RNA for degradation via RNautophagy and may suppress viral replication. Our results revealed a novel degradative pathway in cells as a downstream component of the innate immune response and provided evidence suggesting that the degradation of viral nucleic acids via RNautophagy/DNautophagy contributes to the suppression of viral replication.
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spelling doaj-art-cd8de3e058254b16a0306e53b83e5b7a2025-08-20T02:33:50ZengTaylor & Francis GroupRNA Biology1547-62861555-85842024-12-01211808810.1080/15476286.2023.2291610Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptorYuuki Fujiwara0Kazuki Oroku1Yinping Zhou2Masayuki Takahashi3Taiichi Katayama4Keiji Wada5Nobuyuki Tsutsumi6Tetsuo Sato7Tomohiro Kabuta8Department of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanResearch Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Child Development and Molecular Brain Science, United Graduate School of Child Development, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka, JapanDepartment of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanResearch Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, JapanResearch Department, Nippon Institute for Biological Science, Ome, Tokyo, JapanDepartment of Degenerative Neurological Diseases, National Institute of Neuroscience, National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry, Kodaira, Tokyo, JapanDouble-stranded RNA (dsRNA) is a molecular pattern uniquely produced in cells infected with various viruses as a product or byproduct of replication. Cells detect such molecules, which indicate non-self invasion, and induce diverse immune responses to eliminate them. The degradation of virus-derived molecules can also play a role in the removal of pathogens and suppression of their replication. RNautophagy and DNautophagy are cellular degradative pathways in which RNA and DNA are directly imported into a hydrolytic organelle, the lysosome. Two lysosomal membrane proteins, SIDT2 and LAMP2C, mediate nucleic acid uptake via this pathway. Here, we showed that the expression of both SIDT2 and LAMP2C is selectively upregulated during the intracellular detection of poly(I:C), a synthetic analog of dsRNA that mimics viral infection. The upregulation of these two gene products upon poly(I:C) introduction was transient and synchronized. We also observed that the induction of SIDT2 and LAMP2C expression by poly(I:C) was dependent on MDA5, a cytoplasmic innate immune receptor that directly recognizes poly(I:C) and induces various antiviral responses. Finally, we showed that lysosomes can target viral RNA for degradation via RNautophagy and may suppress viral replication. Our results revealed a novel degradative pathway in cells as a downstream component of the innate immune response and provided evidence suggesting that the degradation of viral nucleic acids via RNautophagy/DNautophagy contributes to the suppression of viral replication.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15476286.2023.2291610LysosomeRNautophagyDNautophagyPAMPsDouble-stranded RNAPRRs
spellingShingle Yuuki Fujiwara
Kazuki Oroku
Yinping Zhou
Masayuki Takahashi
Taiichi Katayama
Keiji Wada
Nobuyuki Tsutsumi
Tetsuo Sato
Tomohiro Kabuta
Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
RNA Biology
Lysosome
RNautophagy
DNautophagy
PAMPs
Double-stranded RNA
PRRs
title Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
title_full Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
title_fullStr Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
title_full_unstemmed Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
title_short Expression of RNautophagy/DNautophagy-related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
title_sort expression of rnautophagy dnautophagy related genes is regulated under control of an innate immune receptor
topic Lysosome
RNautophagy
DNautophagy
PAMPs
Double-stranded RNA
PRRs
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/15476286.2023.2291610
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