Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley

Kathmandu Valley, the capital of Nepal, is located in the seismically active Himalayan belt and has a history of devastating earthquakes causing substantial loss of life and property damage. This study employs Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) using the Foulser-Piggott Attenuation (FPA) m...

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Main Authors: Dibyashree POUDYAL, Norhaiza NORDIN, Siti Nur Aliaa ROSLAN
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Earth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, Slovakia 2025-03-01
Series:Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy
Subjects:
Online Access:https://journal.geo.sav.sk/cgg/article/view/571
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author Dibyashree POUDYAL
Norhaiza NORDIN
Siti Nur Aliaa ROSLAN
author_facet Dibyashree POUDYAL
Norhaiza NORDIN
Siti Nur Aliaa ROSLAN
author_sort Dibyashree POUDYAL
collection DOAJ
description Kathmandu Valley, the capital of Nepal, is located in the seismically active Himalayan belt and has a history of devastating earthquakes causing substantial loss of life and property damage. This study employs Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) using the Foulser-Piggott Attenuation (FPA) model and Travasarou et al. (2003) with R-CRISIS software to calculate Arias intensity in Kathmandu Valley. Historical and recent seismic data within a 500-km radius were analysed, and the earthquake catalogue was declustered and standardized using ZMAP software, a tool developed for the statistical analysis and visualization of earthquake catalogues. Additionally, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based topographic analysis was conducted to assess the impact of local topography on seismic site response providing insights into, slope, soil amplification factors, and shear wave velocity across the region. The results reveal Arias intensity values ranging from 0.225 to 0.241 m/s at 2% and 10% probability of exceedance corresponding to 475 and 2475 years, mapped using ArcGIS. The analysis revealed that southwestern Kathmandu and Lalitpur exhibit higher Arias intensity values, while intensity decreases gradually from southwest to northeast. The DEM analysis further revealed that areas with low slopes, particularly in central Kathmandu, have higher soil amplification factors, potentially amplifying seismic waves. The shear wave velocity distribution highlights lower values in sedimentary deposits, indicating increased seismic vulnerability. These findings emphasize the need for effective urban planning and disaster preparedness strategies to mitigate earthquake impacts in Kathmandu Valley.
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spelling doaj-art-cd810a641467457a99bc6e5b4af438ca2025-08-20T01:51:53ZengEarth Science Institute, Slovak Academy of Sciences, SlovakiaContributions to Geophysics and Geodesy1338-05402025-03-01551314710.31577/congeo.2025.55.1.3571Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu ValleyDibyashree POUDYAL0Norhaiza NORDIN1Siti Nur Aliaa ROSLAN2Department of Civil Engineering, Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur, De Centrum City, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Infrastructure University Kuala Lumpur, De Centrum City, Jalan Ikram-Uniten, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, MalaysiaDepartment of Civil Engineering, Universiti Putra Malaysia, 43400 Serdang, Selangor, MalaysiaKathmandu Valley, the capital of Nepal, is located in the seismically active Himalayan belt and has a history of devastating earthquakes causing substantial loss of life and property damage. This study employs Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA) using the Foulser-Piggott Attenuation (FPA) model and Travasarou et al. (2003) with R-CRISIS software to calculate Arias intensity in Kathmandu Valley. Historical and recent seismic data within a 500-km radius were analysed, and the earthquake catalogue was declustered and standardized using ZMAP software, a tool developed for the statistical analysis and visualization of earthquake catalogues. Additionally, a Digital Elevation Model (DEM) based topographic analysis was conducted to assess the impact of local topography on seismic site response providing insights into, slope, soil amplification factors, and shear wave velocity across the region. The results reveal Arias intensity values ranging from 0.225 to 0.241 m/s at 2% and 10% probability of exceedance corresponding to 475 and 2475 years, mapped using ArcGIS. The analysis revealed that southwestern Kathmandu and Lalitpur exhibit higher Arias intensity values, while intensity decreases gradually from southwest to northeast. The DEM analysis further revealed that areas with low slopes, particularly in central Kathmandu, have higher soil amplification factors, potentially amplifying seismic waves. The shear wave velocity distribution highlights lower values in sedimentary deposits, indicating increased seismic vulnerability. These findings emphasize the need for effective urban planning and disaster preparedness strategies to mitigate earthquake impacts in Kathmandu Valley.https://journal.geo.sav.sk/cgg/article/view/571arias intensity, psha, shear wave velocity, soil amplification, topographic slope
spellingShingle Dibyashree POUDYAL
Norhaiza NORDIN
Siti Nur Aliaa ROSLAN
Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley
Contributions to Geophysics and Geodesy
arias intensity, psha, shear wave velocity, soil amplification, topographic slope
title Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley
title_full Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley
title_fullStr Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley
title_full_unstemmed Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley
title_short Estimation and mapping of Arias intensity in Nepal: Insights from seismic analysis in the Kathmandu Valley
title_sort estimation and mapping of arias intensity in nepal insights from seismic analysis in the kathmandu valley
topic arias intensity, psha, shear wave velocity, soil amplification, topographic slope
url https://journal.geo.sav.sk/cgg/article/view/571
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AT sitinuraliaaroslan estimationandmappingofariasintensityinnepalinsightsfromseismicanalysisinthekathmanduvalley