Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies
ABSTRACT Co‐infections such as malaria and tuberculosis pose significant public health challenges, particularly in regions where both diseases are endemic. Despite the global burden of these infections, their combined transmission dynamics remain poorly understood, highlighting the importance of thi...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2025-06-01
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| Series: | Engineering Reports |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70210 |
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| author | Benedict Celestine Agbata Erjola Cenaj Dennis Ferdinand Agbebaku Obiora Cornelius Collins Raimonda Dervishi Homan Emadifar Azuka Uzoamaka Ezeafulukwe Godwin Christopher Ezike Mbah |
| author_facet | Benedict Celestine Agbata Erjola Cenaj Dennis Ferdinand Agbebaku Obiora Cornelius Collins Raimonda Dervishi Homan Emadifar Azuka Uzoamaka Ezeafulukwe Godwin Christopher Ezike Mbah |
| author_sort | Benedict Celestine Agbata |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Co‐infections such as malaria and tuberculosis pose significant public health challenges, particularly in regions where both diseases are endemic. Despite the global burden of these infections, their combined transmission dynamics remain poorly understood, highlighting the importance of this study. We develop a comprehensive mathematical model that captures the complex interactions between malaria and tuberculosis within a human population. By decomposing the system into disease‐specific sub‐models, we conduct a rigorous theoretical analysis of their individual and joint behaviors. A key result of this study is the identification of backward bifurcation in the co‐infection model an—important finding that departs from traditional models which assume that reducing the basic reproduction number (R0) below one ensures disease eradication. Our analysis reveals that co‐infection introduces nonlinear dynamics that make disease control more challenging, necessitating more nuanced and aggressive intervention strategies. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis pinpoints the most influential parameters driving transmission, such as contact rates and treatment effectiveness, providing valuable insights for public health decision‐making. It was concluded that malaria‐tuberculosis co‐infection requires integrated control strategies that account for their interactions rather than addressing each disease in isolation. The study offers a robust mathematical framework that not only advances theoretical understanding but also supports evidence‐based policymaking in the fight against these deadly diseases. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd801cebccaa4afa90df236cea449292 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2577-8196 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-06-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Engineering Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd801cebccaa4afa90df236cea4492922025-08-20T03:29:53ZengWileyEngineering Reports2577-81962025-06-0176n/an/a10.1002/eng2.70210Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control StrategiesBenedict Celestine Agbata0Erjola Cenaj1Dennis Ferdinand Agbebaku2Obiora Cornelius Collins3Raimonda Dervishi4Homan Emadifar5Azuka Uzoamaka Ezeafulukwe6Godwin Christopher Ezike Mbah7Department of Mathematics and Statistics Faculty of Science, Confluence University of Science and Technology Osara NigeriaDepartment of Mathematical Engineering Mathematical and Physical Engineering Faculty, Polytechnic University of Tirana Tirana AlbaniaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka NigeriaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka NigeriaDepartment of Mathematical Engineering Mathematical and Physical Engineering Faculty, Polytechnic University of Tirana Tirana AlbaniaDepartment of Mathematics Saveetha School of Engineering, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University Chennai IndiaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka NigeriaDepartment of Mathematics, Faculty of Physical Sciences University of Nigeria Nsukka NigeriaABSTRACT Co‐infections such as malaria and tuberculosis pose significant public health challenges, particularly in regions where both diseases are endemic. Despite the global burden of these infections, their combined transmission dynamics remain poorly understood, highlighting the importance of this study. We develop a comprehensive mathematical model that captures the complex interactions between malaria and tuberculosis within a human population. By decomposing the system into disease‐specific sub‐models, we conduct a rigorous theoretical analysis of their individual and joint behaviors. A key result of this study is the identification of backward bifurcation in the co‐infection model an—important finding that departs from traditional models which assume that reducing the basic reproduction number (R0) below one ensures disease eradication. Our analysis reveals that co‐infection introduces nonlinear dynamics that make disease control more challenging, necessitating more nuanced and aggressive intervention strategies. Additionally, a sensitivity analysis pinpoints the most influential parameters driving transmission, such as contact rates and treatment effectiveness, providing valuable insights for public health decision‐making. It was concluded that malaria‐tuberculosis co‐infection requires integrated control strategies that account for their interactions rather than addressing each disease in isolation. The study offers a robust mathematical framework that not only advances theoretical understanding but also supports evidence‐based policymaking in the fight against these deadly diseases.https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70210backward bifurcation analysisbasic reproduction numberdata fittingepidemiological dynamicsglobal stabilitysensitivity analysis |
| spellingShingle | Benedict Celestine Agbata Erjola Cenaj Dennis Ferdinand Agbebaku Obiora Cornelius Collins Raimonda Dervishi Homan Emadifar Azuka Uzoamaka Ezeafulukwe Godwin Christopher Ezike Mbah Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies Engineering Reports backward bifurcation analysis basic reproduction number data fitting epidemiological dynamics global stability sensitivity analysis |
| title | Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies |
| title_full | Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies |
| title_fullStr | Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies |
| title_short | Mathematical Analysis of the Transmission Dynamics of Malaria and Tuberculosis Co‐Infection With Control Strategies |
| title_sort | mathematical analysis of the transmission dynamics of malaria and tuberculosis co infection with control strategies |
| topic | backward bifurcation analysis basic reproduction number data fitting epidemiological dynamics global stability sensitivity analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1002/eng2.70210 |
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