New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples
The benzodiazepines are essential drugs used in medicine for anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects. According to the World Health Organization, the benzodiazepines are the most prescribed hypnotic drugs in the last decade (2010 at time), and their inappropriate use can damage the environment an...
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MDPI AG
2025-04-01
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| author | Israel S. Ibarra Isaí Vázquez-Garrido Gabriela Islas Juan F. Flores-Aguilar |
| author_facet | Israel S. Ibarra Isaí Vázquez-Garrido Gabriela Islas Juan F. Flores-Aguilar |
| author_sort | Israel S. Ibarra |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The benzodiazepines are essential drugs used in medicine for anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects. According to the World Health Organization, the benzodiazepines are the most prescribed hypnotic drugs in the last decade (2010 at time), and their inappropriate use can damage the environment and human health. The availability of efficient analytical methods is crucial for the determination of these drugs in a complex matrix such as biological samples in clinical settings. In the last decade, several methods have been developed and have been applied to the detection and determination of benzodiazepines or their derivates. The present manuscript reviews selective and sensitive methodologies based on chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical systems for the determination of benzodiazepines in biological samples, covering the time of the last years and providing detailed information on sample pretreatment and instrumental conditions. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd7a96acaa954cb0b85a87bf042d4661 |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2297-8739 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Separations |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd7a96acaa954cb0b85a87bf042d46612025-08-20T02:18:15ZengMDPI AGSeparations2297-87392025-04-011249510.3390/separations12040095New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological SamplesIsrael S. Ibarra0Isaí Vázquez-Garrido1Gabriela Islas2Juan F. Flores-Aguilar3Área Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, MexicoÁrea Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, MexicoÁrea de Ingeniería Agroindustrial, Universidad Politécnica de Francisco I. Madero, Domicilio Conocido, Tepatepec 42640, Hidalgo, MexicoÁrea Académica de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, Carr. Pachuca-Tulancingo Km. 4.5, Mineral de la Reforma 42184, Hidalgo, MexicoThe benzodiazepines are essential drugs used in medicine for anxiolytic, sedative, and hypnotic effects. According to the World Health Organization, the benzodiazepines are the most prescribed hypnotic drugs in the last decade (2010 at time), and their inappropriate use can damage the environment and human health. The availability of efficient analytical methods is crucial for the determination of these drugs in a complex matrix such as biological samples in clinical settings. In the last decade, several methods have been developed and have been applied to the detection and determination of benzodiazepines or their derivates. The present manuscript reviews selective and sensitive methodologies based on chromatographic, electrophoretic, and electrochemical systems for the determination of benzodiazepines in biological samples, covering the time of the last years and providing detailed information on sample pretreatment and instrumental conditions.https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/4/95benzodiazepinesbiological sampleschromatographic systemelectrophoretic systemelectrochemical systemssample pretreatment |
| spellingShingle | Israel S. Ibarra Isaí Vázquez-Garrido Gabriela Islas Juan F. Flores-Aguilar New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples Separations benzodiazepines biological samples chromatographic system electrophoretic system electrochemical systems sample pretreatment |
| title | New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples |
| title_full | New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples |
| title_fullStr | New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples |
| title_full_unstemmed | New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples |
| title_short | New Trends in the Methodologies of Determination of Benzodiazepine Residues in Biological Samples |
| title_sort | new trends in the methodologies of determination of benzodiazepine residues in biological samples |
| topic | benzodiazepines biological samples chromatographic system electrophoretic system electrochemical systems sample pretreatment |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2297-8739/12/4/95 |
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