Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils
The responses of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions to nitrogen (N) application in acidic, perennial agricultural systems, and the factors driving these emissions, remain poorly understood. To address this gap, a 12-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Fuying Jiang Yunni Chang Jiabao Han Xiangde Yang Zhidan Wu |
| author_facet | Fuying Jiang Yunni Chang Jiabao Han Xiangde Yang Zhidan Wu |
| author_sort | Fuying Jiang |
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| description | The responses of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions to nitrogen (N) application in acidic, perennial agricultural systems, and the factors driving these emissions, remain poorly understood. To address this gap, a 12-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different N application rates (0, 112.5, 225, and 450 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, tea yield, and the associated driving factors in a tea plantation. The study found that soil pH significantly decreased with long-term N application, dropping by 0.32 to 0.85 units. Annual tea yield increased significantly, by 148–243%. N application also elevated N<sub>2</sub>O emission fluxes by 33–277%, with notable seasonal fluctuations observed. N<sub>2</sub>O flux was positively correlated with N rates, water-filled pore space (WFPS), soil temperature (T<sub>soil</sub>), and inorganic N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), while showing a negative correlation with soil pH. Random forest (RF) modeling identified WFPS, N rates, and Tsoil as the most important variables influencing N<sub>2</sub>O flux. The cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions for N112.5, N225, and N450 were 1584, 2791, and 45,046 g N ha<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, representing increases of 1.33, 2.34, and 3.77 times compared to N0. The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factors (EF) were 0.35%, 0.71%, and 0.74%, respectively, and increased with higher N rates. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate fertilization timing and improving water and fertilizer management as key strategies for mitigating soil acidification, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in acidic tea-plantation systems. This study offers a theoretical foundation for developing rational N fertilizer management practices and strategies aimed at reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in tea-plantation soils. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-cd6c8e0ada974c1092a7058b8d8a56152025-01-24T13:16:18ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952024-12-01151710.3390/agronomy15010007Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation SoilsFuying Jiang0Yunni Chang1Jiabao Han2Xiangde Yang3Zhidan Wu4Tea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaTea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaTea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaTea Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Key Laboratory of Biology, Genetics and Breeding of Special Economic Animals and Plants, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Hangzhou 310008, ChinaTea Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350013, ChinaThe responses of nitrous oxide (N<sub>2</sub>O) emissions to nitrogen (N) application in acidic, perennial agricultural systems, and the factors driving these emissions, remain poorly understood. To address this gap, a 12-year field experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different N application rates (0, 112.5, 225, and 450 kg N ha<sup>−1</sup> yr<sup>−1</sup>) on N<sub>2</sub>O emissions, tea yield, and the associated driving factors in a tea plantation. The study found that soil pH significantly decreased with long-term N application, dropping by 0.32 to 0.85 units. Annual tea yield increased significantly, by 148–243%. N application also elevated N<sub>2</sub>O emission fluxes by 33–277%, with notable seasonal fluctuations observed. N<sub>2</sub>O flux was positively correlated with N rates, water-filled pore space (WFPS), soil temperature (T<sub>soil</sub>), and inorganic N (NH<sub>4</sub><sup>+</sup>-N and NO<sub>3</sub><sup>−</sup>-N), while showing a negative correlation with soil pH. Random forest (RF) modeling identified WFPS, N rates, and Tsoil as the most important variables influencing N<sub>2</sub>O flux. The cumulative N<sub>2</sub>O emissions for N112.5, N225, and N450 were 1584, 2791, and 45,046 g N ha<sup>−2</sup>, respectively, representing increases of 1.33, 2.34, and 3.77 times compared to N0. The N<sub>2</sub>O-N emission factors (EF) were 0.35%, 0.71%, and 0.74%, respectively, and increased with higher N rates. These findings highlight the importance of selecting appropriate fertilization timing and improving water and fertilizer management as key strategies for mitigating soil acidification, enhancing nitrogen use efficiency (NUE), and reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in acidic tea-plantation systems. This study offers a theoretical foundation for developing rational N fertilizer management practices and strategies aimed at reducing N<sub>2</sub>O emissions in tea-plantation soils.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/7long-term N applicationN<sub>2</sub>O fluxdriving factorstea-plantation systemacidic soil |
| spellingShingle | Fuying Jiang Yunni Chang Jiabao Han Xiangde Yang Zhidan Wu Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils Agronomy long-term N application N<sub>2</sub>O flux driving factors tea-plantation system acidic soil |
| title | Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils |
| title_full | Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils |
| title_short | Effects of Long-Term Nitrogen Fertilization on Nitrous Oxide Emission and Yield in Acidic Tea (<i>Camellia sinensis</i> L.) Plantation Soils |
| title_sort | effects of long term nitrogen fertilization on nitrous oxide emission and yield in acidic tea i camellia sinensis i l plantation soils |
| topic | long-term N application N<sub>2</sub>O flux driving factors tea-plantation system acidic soil |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/15/1/7 |
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