Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System

Neural plasticity plays a critical role in mediating short- and long-term brain responses to environmental stimuli. A major effector of plasticity throughout many regions of the brain is stress. Activation of the locus coeruleus (LC) is a critical step in mediating the neuroendocrine and behavioral...

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Main Authors: Olga Borodovitsyna, Neal Joshi, Daniel Chandler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2018-01-01
Series:Neural Plasticity
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1892570
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author Olga Borodovitsyna
Neal Joshi
Daniel Chandler
author_facet Olga Borodovitsyna
Neal Joshi
Daniel Chandler
author_sort Olga Borodovitsyna
collection DOAJ
description Neural plasticity plays a critical role in mediating short- and long-term brain responses to environmental stimuli. A major effector of plasticity throughout many regions of the brain is stress. Activation of the locus coeruleus (LC) is a critical step in mediating the neuroendocrine and behavioral limbs of the stress response. During stressor exposure, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis promotes release of corticotropin-releasing factor in LC, where its signaling promotes a number of physiological and cellular changes. While the acute effects of stress on LC physiology have been described, its long-term effects are less clear. This review will describe how stress changes LC neuronal physiology, function, and morphology from a genetic, cellular, and neuronal circuitry/transmission perspective. Specifically, we describe morphological changes of LC neurons in response to stressful stimuli and signal transduction pathways underlying them. Also, we will review changes in excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission in LC neurons and possible stress-induced modifications of AMPA receptors. This review will also address stress-related behavioral adaptations and specific noradrenergic receptors responsible for them. Finally, we summarize the results of several human studies which suggest a link between stress, altered LC function, and pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder.
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spelling doaj-art-cd63e463c51e48dcb1cc58cfca10fa462025-08-20T03:19:35ZengWileyNeural Plasticity2090-59041687-54432018-01-01201810.1155/2018/18925701892570Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine SystemOlga Borodovitsyna0Neal Joshi1Daniel Chandler2Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USADepartment of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rowan University School of Osteopathic Medicine, Stratford, NJ 08084, USANeural plasticity plays a critical role in mediating short- and long-term brain responses to environmental stimuli. A major effector of plasticity throughout many regions of the brain is stress. Activation of the locus coeruleus (LC) is a critical step in mediating the neuroendocrine and behavioral limbs of the stress response. During stressor exposure, activation of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis promotes release of corticotropin-releasing factor in LC, where its signaling promotes a number of physiological and cellular changes. While the acute effects of stress on LC physiology have been described, its long-term effects are less clear. This review will describe how stress changes LC neuronal physiology, function, and morphology from a genetic, cellular, and neuronal circuitry/transmission perspective. Specifically, we describe morphological changes of LC neurons in response to stressful stimuli and signal transduction pathways underlying them. Also, we will review changes in excitatory glutamatergic synaptic transmission in LC neurons and possible stress-induced modifications of AMPA receptors. This review will also address stress-related behavioral adaptations and specific noradrenergic receptors responsible for them. Finally, we summarize the results of several human studies which suggest a link between stress, altered LC function, and pathogenesis of posttraumatic stress disorder.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1892570
spellingShingle Olga Borodovitsyna
Neal Joshi
Daniel Chandler
Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System
Neural Plasticity
title Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System
title_full Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System
title_fullStr Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System
title_full_unstemmed Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System
title_short Persistent Stress-Induced Neuroplastic Changes in the Locus Coeruleus/Norepinephrine System
title_sort persistent stress induced neuroplastic changes in the locus coeruleus norepinephrine system
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/1892570
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AT danielchandler persistentstressinducedneuroplasticchangesinthelocuscoeruleusnorepinephrinesystem