Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)

The evaluation of hand function is of great importance to both clinical practice and biomedical research and is frequently evaluated by manual dexterity. Most of the assessment procedures evaluate the gross or the fine dexterity of the hand, but few of them are devoted to the assessment of both. We...

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Main Authors: M. Controzzi, L. Angelini, P. Randi, P. Mucci, A. Mazzeo, R. Ferrari, E. Gruppioni, C. Cipriani
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: IEEE 2025-01-01
Series:IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
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Online Access:https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10819437/
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author M. Controzzi
L. Angelini
P. Randi
P. Mucci
A. Mazzeo
R. Ferrari
E. Gruppioni
C. Cipriani
author_facet M. Controzzi
L. Angelini
P. Randi
P. Mucci
A. Mazzeo
R. Ferrari
E. Gruppioni
C. Cipriani
author_sort M. Controzzi
collection DOAJ
description The evaluation of hand function is of great importance to both clinical practice and biomedical research and is frequently evaluated by manual dexterity. Most of the assessment procedures evaluate the gross or the fine dexterity of the hand, but few of them are devoted to the assessment of both. We developed the Virtual Eggs Test (VET): it resembles the task of transporting fragile and robust objects, thus requiring both gross and fine dexterity. The test is composed of 11 Virtual Eggs that collapse if the grasping force exceeds their breaking thresholds, ranging from 0.4 N to 11.5 N. The test aims to transport each Virtual Egg over the barrier in the centre of the test platform without breaking it and as fast as possible. The metrics measured during the test are combined and provide two indexes that evaluate, respectively, gross and fine dexterity. We verify the concurrent validity and the construct validity of the VET with a target population of 30 trans-radial amputees wearing a myoelectric hand and the test-retest reliability on a control population of 35 healthy individuals. The results suggest the ability of the VET to assess hand function specifically in handling breakable objects, using both gross and fine dexterity over time. However, further research is needed to verify its correlation with other tests and the ability of amputees to perform activities of daily living.
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spelling doaj-art-cd62c07c7bc840cfb6873ce5c21af09b2025-08-20T01:49:11ZengIEEEIEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering1534-43201558-02102025-01-013328629710.1109/TNSRE.2024.352479110819437Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)M. Controzzi0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2135-0707L. Angelini1P. Randi2P. Mucci3A. Mazzeo4https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2999-1795R. Ferrari5E. Gruppioni6https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0732-8378C. Cipriani7The BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, ItalyThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, ItalyThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, ItalyThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, ItalyThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, ItalyCentro Protesi INAIL, Bologna, ItalyCentro Protesi INAIL, Bologna, ItalyThe BioRobotics Institute, Scuola Superiore Sant’Anna, Pisa, ItalyThe evaluation of hand function is of great importance to both clinical practice and biomedical research and is frequently evaluated by manual dexterity. Most of the assessment procedures evaluate the gross or the fine dexterity of the hand, but few of them are devoted to the assessment of both. We developed the Virtual Eggs Test (VET): it resembles the task of transporting fragile and robust objects, thus requiring both gross and fine dexterity. The test is composed of 11 Virtual Eggs that collapse if the grasping force exceeds their breaking thresholds, ranging from 0.4 N to 11.5 N. The test aims to transport each Virtual Egg over the barrier in the centre of the test platform without breaking it and as fast as possible. The metrics measured during the test are combined and provide two indexes that evaluate, respectively, gross and fine dexterity. We verify the concurrent validity and the construct validity of the VET with a target population of 30 trans-radial amputees wearing a myoelectric hand and the test-retest reliability on a control population of 35 healthy individuals. The results suggest the ability of the VET to assess hand function specifically in handling breakable objects, using both gross and fine dexterity over time. However, further research is needed to verify its correlation with other tests and the ability of amputees to perform activities of daily living.https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10819437/Hand evaluationhandmotor skillsoccupational therapymyoelectric prosthesis
spellingShingle M. Controzzi
L. Angelini
P. Randi
P. Mucci
A. Mazzeo
R. Ferrari
E. Gruppioni
C. Cipriani
Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)
IEEE Transactions on Neural Systems and Rehabilitation Engineering
Hand evaluation
hand
motor skills
occupational therapy
myoelectric prosthesis
title Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)
title_full Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)
title_fullStr Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)
title_full_unstemmed Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)
title_short Assessing Hand Function in Trans-Radial Amputees Wearing Myoelectric Hands: The Virtual Eggs Test (VET)
title_sort assessing hand function in trans radial amputees wearing myoelectric hands the virtual eggs test vet
topic Hand evaluation
hand
motor skills
occupational therapy
myoelectric prosthesis
url https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/10819437/
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