A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women

Aims Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detection during pregnancy, with an inconsistent association with serum ferritin (SF). We aimed to ascertain the relationship between SF and the risk of GDM in mid-pregnancy and provide evidence for imp...

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Main Authors: Xizhenzi Fan, Pan Zhang, Lingli Wang, Wenhui Song, Achou Su, Tianxiao Yu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: PeerJ Inc. 2025-02-01
Series:PeerJ
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Online Access:https://peerj.com/articles/18965.pdf
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author Xizhenzi Fan
Pan Zhang
Lingli Wang
Wenhui Song
Achou Su
Tianxiao Yu
author_facet Xizhenzi Fan
Pan Zhang
Lingli Wang
Wenhui Song
Achou Su
Tianxiao Yu
author_sort Xizhenzi Fan
collection DOAJ
description Aims Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detection during pregnancy, with an inconsistent association with serum ferritin (SF). We aimed to ascertain the relationship between SF and the risk of GDM in mid-pregnancy and provide evidence for implementing clinical individualized and reasonable iron supplementation regimens. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to investigate 1,052 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation who were examined in the obstetrics department of The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 2019 to December 2021. Questionnaires were used to obtain the general information. The levels of serum ferritin (SF), serum calcium, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and Oral-Glucose-Tolerance-Test (OGTT) were reviewed. The GDM was diagnosed by glucose tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between serum ferritin and GDM. Results Compared to the non-GDM group, the GDM group had significantly higher level of SF (13.95 (8.59–23.65) ng/mL vs. 12.11 (7.27–19.86) ng/mL, (p = 0.012)). While SF levels positively correlated with 1-hour plasma glucose levels (PG1H) (r = 0.061, p = 0.047), there was a negative correlation between SF and HbA1c levels (r =  − 0.078, p = 0.011). The risk of GDM with higher levels of SF was increased (1.010 (95% CI [1.001–1.020], p = 0.025)). In the univariate logistic regression model, the risk of GDM in pregnant women with high ferritin levels was 1.010 (95% CI [1.001–1.020], p = 0.025). After adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), the risk of GDM was significantly increased by 44% and 42% respectively (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.440, 95% CI [1.025–2.023], p = 0.035), AOR = 1.420 (95% CI [1.011–1.995], p = 0.043). After multivariate adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy BMI, the results were moderately revised (AOR = 1.427, 95%CI [1.013–2.008], p = 0.042). Conclusions Elevated SF levels of mid-pregnancy was associated with risk of GDM, which may guide the implementation of pregnancy-specific supplementation to some extent with the support of further clinical trials.
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spelling doaj-art-cd628923fbd349678228e330c8b340dc2025-08-20T03:11:46ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592025-02-0113e1896510.7717/peerj.18965A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant womenXizhenzi Fan0Pan Zhang1Lingli Wang2Wenhui Song3Achou Su4Tianxiao Yu5Research Center for Clinical Medical Sciences, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, ChinaDepartment of Clinical Laboratory, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, ChinaResearch Center for Clinical Medical Sciences, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, ChinaResearch Center for Clinical Medical Sciences, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, ChinaResearch Center for Clinical Medical Sciences, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, ChinaResearch Center for Clinical Medical Sciences, The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang, Shijiazhuang, ChinaAims Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first detection during pregnancy, with an inconsistent association with serum ferritin (SF). We aimed to ascertain the relationship between SF and the risk of GDM in mid-pregnancy and provide evidence for implementing clinical individualized and reasonable iron supplementation regimens. Methods A retrospective study was conducted to investigate 1,052 pregnant women at 24–28 weeks of gestation who were examined in the obstetrics department of The Fourth Hospital of Shijiazhuang from January 2019 to December 2021. Questionnaires were used to obtain the general information. The levels of serum ferritin (SF), serum calcium, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c) and Oral-Glucose-Tolerance-Test (OGTT) were reviewed. The GDM was diagnosed by glucose tests. Multivariate logistic regression was used to determine the relationship between serum ferritin and GDM. Results Compared to the non-GDM group, the GDM group had significantly higher level of SF (13.95 (8.59–23.65) ng/mL vs. 12.11 (7.27–19.86) ng/mL, (p = 0.012)). While SF levels positively correlated with 1-hour plasma glucose levels (PG1H) (r = 0.061, p = 0.047), there was a negative correlation between SF and HbA1c levels (r =  − 0.078, p = 0.011). The risk of GDM with higher levels of SF was increased (1.010 (95% CI [1.001–1.020], p = 0.025)). In the univariate logistic regression model, the risk of GDM in pregnant women with high ferritin levels was 1.010 (95% CI [1.001–1.020], p = 0.025). After adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI), the risk of GDM was significantly increased by 44% and 42% respectively (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) = 1.440, 95% CI [1.025–2.023], p = 0.035), AOR = 1.420 (95% CI [1.011–1.995], p = 0.043). After multivariate adjustment for age and pre-pregnancy BMI, the results were moderately revised (AOR = 1.427, 95%CI [1.013–2.008], p = 0.042). Conclusions Elevated SF levels of mid-pregnancy was associated with risk of GDM, which may guide the implementation of pregnancy-specific supplementation to some extent with the support of further clinical trials.https://peerj.com/articles/18965.pdfGestational diabetesMidpregnantSerum ferritin
spellingShingle Xizhenzi Fan
Pan Zhang
Lingli Wang
Wenhui Song
Achou Su
Tianxiao Yu
A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
PeerJ
Gestational diabetes
Midpregnant
Serum ferritin
title A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
title_full A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
title_fullStr A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
title_full_unstemmed A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
title_short A retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
title_sort retrospective study of the correlation between high serum ferritin levels and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus in midpregnant women
topic Gestational diabetes
Midpregnant
Serum ferritin
url https://peerj.com/articles/18965.pdf
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