High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier

All-optical encoders and comparators are essential components for high-speed optical computing, enabling ultra-fast data processing with minimal latency and low power consumption. This paper presents a numerical analysis of an all-optical encoder and comparator architecture operating at 120 Gb/s, ba...

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Main Authors: Amer Kotb, Kyriakos E. Zoiros
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Nanomaterials
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/647
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author Amer Kotb
Kyriakos E. Zoiros
author_facet Amer Kotb
Kyriakos E. Zoiros
author_sort Amer Kotb
collection DOAJ
description All-optical encoders and comparators are essential components for high-speed optical computing, enabling ultra-fast data processing with minimal latency and low power consumption. This paper presents a numerical analysis of an all-optical encoder and comparator architecture operating at 120 Gb/s, based on carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometers (CR-SOA-MZIs). Building upon our previous work on all-optical arithmetic circuits, this study extends the application of CR-SOA-MZI structures to implement five key logic operations between two input signals (A and B): <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, AB (AND), <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo> </mo><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (NOR), and AB + <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo> </mo><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (XNOR). The performance of these logic gates is evaluated using the quality factor (QF), yielding values of 17.56, 17.04, 19.05, 10.95, and 8.33, respectively. We investigate the impact of critical design parameters on the accuracy and stability of the logic outputs, confirming the feasibility of high-speed operation with robust signal integrity. These results support the viability of CR-SOA-MZI-based configurations for future all-optical logic circuits, offering promising potential for advanced optical computing and next-generation photonic information processing systems.
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spelling doaj-art-cd6281604b5f4881bfbc1247ebbcbd542025-08-20T03:49:22ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912025-04-0115964710.3390/nano15090647High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical AmplifierAmer Kotb0Kyriakos E. Zoiros1School of Chips, XJTLU Entrepreneur College (Taicang), Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool University, Taicang, Suzhou 215400, ChinaLightwave Communications Research Group, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, School of Engineering, Democritus University of Thrace, 67100 Xanthi, GreeceAll-optical encoders and comparators are essential components for high-speed optical computing, enabling ultra-fast data processing with minimal latency and low power consumption. This paper presents a numerical analysis of an all-optical encoder and comparator architecture operating at 120 Gb/s, based on carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifier-assisted Mach–Zehnder interferometers (CR-SOA-MZIs). Building upon our previous work on all-optical arithmetic circuits, this study extends the application of CR-SOA-MZI structures to implement five key logic operations between two input signals (A and B): <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, AB (AND), <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo> </mo><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (NOR), and AB + <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mrow><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">A</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover><mo> </mo><mover><mi mathvariant="normal">B</mi><mo>¯</mo></mover></mrow></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula> (XNOR). The performance of these logic gates is evaluated using the quality factor (QF), yielding values of 17.56, 17.04, 19.05, 10.95, and 8.33, respectively. We investigate the impact of critical design parameters on the accuracy and stability of the logic outputs, confirming the feasibility of high-speed operation with robust signal integrity. These results support the viability of CR-SOA-MZI-based configurations for future all-optical logic circuits, offering promising potential for advanced optical computing and next-generation photonic information processing systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/647optical encoder and comparatorcarrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifierMach–Zehnder interferometerquality factor
spellingShingle Amer Kotb
Kyriakos E. Zoiros
High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
Nanomaterials
optical encoder and comparator
carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifier
Mach–Zehnder interferometer
quality factor
title High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
title_full High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
title_fullStr High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
title_full_unstemmed High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
title_short High-Speed All-Optical Encoder and Comparator at 120 Gb/s Using a Carrier Reservoir Semiconductor Optical Amplifier
title_sort high speed all optical encoder and comparator at 120 gb s using a carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifier
topic optical encoder and comparator
carrier reservoir semiconductor optical amplifier
Mach–Zehnder interferometer
quality factor
url https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/15/9/647
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AT kyriakosezoiros highspeedallopticalencoderandcomparatorat120gbsusingacarrierreservoirsemiconductoropticalamplifier