Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry

Anthocyanins constitute the primary pigment components in hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) peel, yet their specific composition and concentration profiles remain poorly characterized. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass s...

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Main Authors: Dongsheng Wang, Beibei Cheng, Liyang Yu, Guomei Yuan, Yate Ma, Jijun Zhang, Furong Lin
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Molecules
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1149
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author Dongsheng Wang
Beibei Cheng
Liyang Yu
Guomei Yuan
Yate Ma
Jijun Zhang
Furong Lin
author_facet Dongsheng Wang
Beibei Cheng
Liyang Yu
Guomei Yuan
Yate Ma
Jijun Zhang
Furong Lin
author_sort Dongsheng Wang
collection DOAJ
description Anthocyanins constitute the primary pigment components in hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) peel, yet their specific composition and concentration profiles remain poorly characterized. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based metabolomics to systematically compare anthocyanin profiles between red-peel (CPR) and yellow-peel (CPY) hawthorn cultivars. Our analysis identified 26 anthocyanin metabolites in CPR and 24 in CPY, with cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside being the predominant compounds in both. Multivariate analysis revealed seven significantly differential metabolites, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-arabinoside, and peonidin-3-O-galactoside. Notably, all the differential metabolites exhibited reductions in CPY compared to CPR. Chromatic analysis demonstrated that CPR possessed highly significantly lower hue angle values (h<sub>ab</sub>) than CPY (47.7093 ± 4.1706, 83.6427 ± 1.4604, <i>p</i> < 0.01), showing strong negative correlations with key anthocyanins. These findings enhance the scientific understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in hawthorn peel and provide a certain reference for the development and utilization of anthocyanins in hawthorn peel.
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spelling doaj-art-cd5652a166b14800829bbf0d82114b7b2025-08-20T02:59:00ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-03-01305114910.3390/molecules30051149Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass SpectrometryDongsheng Wang0Beibei Cheng1Liyang Yu2Guomei Yuan3Yate Ma4Jijun Zhang5Furong Lin6Hebei Province Yanshan Agriculture Characteristic Industry Technology Research Institute, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, ChinaHebei Province Yanshan Agriculture Characteristic Industry Technology Research Institute, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066004, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, ChinaHebei Key Laboratory of Horticultural Germplasm Excavation and Innovative Utilization, Hebei Normal University of Science and Technology, Qinhuangdao 066600, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Tree Genetics and Breeding, Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, ChinaAnthocyanins constitute the primary pigment components in hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) peel, yet their specific composition and concentration profiles remain poorly characterized. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based metabolomics to systematically compare anthocyanin profiles between red-peel (CPR) and yellow-peel (CPY) hawthorn cultivars. Our analysis identified 26 anthocyanin metabolites in CPR and 24 in CPY, with cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside being the predominant compounds in both. Multivariate analysis revealed seven significantly differential metabolites, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-arabinoside, and peonidin-3-O-galactoside. Notably, all the differential metabolites exhibited reductions in CPY compared to CPR. Chromatic analysis demonstrated that CPR possessed highly significantly lower hue angle values (h<sub>ab</sub>) than CPY (47.7093 ± 4.1706, 83.6427 ± 1.4604, <i>p</i> < 0.01), showing strong negative correlations with key anthocyanins. These findings enhance the scientific understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in hawthorn peel and provide a certain reference for the development and utilization of anthocyanins in hawthorn peel.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1149hawthornanthocyaninspeelUHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
spellingShingle Dongsheng Wang
Beibei Cheng
Liyang Yu
Guomei Yuan
Yate Ma
Jijun Zhang
Furong Lin
Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Molecules
hawthorn
anthocyanins
peel
UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
title Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_full Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_short Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
title_sort differential analysis of anthocyanins in red and yellow hawthorn i crataegus pinnatifida i peel based on ultra high performance liquid chromatography electrospray ionization tandem mass spectrometry
topic hawthorn
anthocyanins
peel
UHPLC-ESI-MS/MS
url https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1149
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