Differential Analysis of Anthocyanins in Red and Yellow Hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) Peel Based on Ultra-High Performance Liquid Chromatography-Electrospray Ionization Tandem Mass Spectrometry
Anthocyanins constitute the primary pigment components in hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) peel, yet their specific composition and concentration profiles remain poorly characterized. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass s...
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| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/5/1149 |
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| Summary: | Anthocyanins constitute the primary pigment components in hawthorn (<i>Crataegus pinnatifida</i>) peel, yet their specific composition and concentration profiles remain poorly characterized. This study employed ultra-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization–tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-MS/MS)-based metabolomics to systematically compare anthocyanin profiles between red-peel (CPR) and yellow-peel (CPY) hawthorn cultivars. Our analysis identified 26 anthocyanin metabolites in CPR and 24 in CPY, with cyanidin-3-O-galactoside and cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside being the predominant compounds in both. Multivariate analysis revealed seven significantly differential metabolites, including cyanidin-3-O-galactoside, cyanidin-3-O-arabinoside, pelargonidin-3-O-galactoside, pelargonidin-3-O-glucoside, pelargonidin-3-O-arabinoside, and peonidin-3-O-galactoside. Notably, all the differential metabolites exhibited reductions in CPY compared to CPR. Chromatic analysis demonstrated that CPR possessed highly significantly lower hue angle values (h<sub>ab</sub>) than CPY (47.7093 ± 4.1706, 83.6427 ± 1.4604, <i>p</i> < 0.01), showing strong negative correlations with key anthocyanins. These findings enhance the scientific understanding of anthocyanin biosynthesis in hawthorn peel and provide a certain reference for the development and utilization of anthocyanins in hawthorn peel. |
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| ISSN: | 1420-3049 |