Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>)
Many endophytic fungi are approved as plant growth stimulants, and several commercial biostimulants have already been introduced in agricultural practice. However, there are still many species of fungi whose plant growth-promoting properties have been understudied or not studied at all. We examined...
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2024-12-01
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| author | Izolda Pašakinskienė Violeta Stakelienė Saulė Matijošiūtė Justas Martūnas Marius Rimkevičius Jurga Būdienė Algis Aučina Audrius Skridaila |
| author_facet | Izolda Pašakinskienė Violeta Stakelienė Saulė Matijošiūtė Justas Martūnas Marius Rimkevičius Jurga Būdienė Algis Aučina Audrius Skridaila |
| author_sort | Izolda Pašakinskienė |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Many endophytic fungi are approved as plant growth stimulants, and several commercial biostimulants have already been introduced in agricultural practice. However, there are still many species of fungi whose plant growth-promoting properties have been understudied or not studied at all. We examined the growth-promoting effect in spring barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) induced by three endophytic fungi previously obtained from the roots of <i>Festuca</i>/<i>Lolium</i> grasses. Surface-sterilized seeds were inoculated with a spore suspension of <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i> (isolate BSG003)<i>, Paraphoma fimeti</i> (BSG010), <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> (BSG006)<i>,</i> and their spore mixture. Before harvesting, the inoculated plants were grown in a greenhouse, with the barley being in multi-cavity trays for 30 days and ryegrass being placed in an original cylindric element system for 63 days. All three newly tested fungi had a positive effect on the growth of the barley and ryegrass plants, with the most pronounced impact observed in their root size. The fungal inoculations increased the dry shoot biomass between 11% and 26% in Italian ryegrass, but no such impact was observed in barley. The highest root increment was observed in barley. Herein, <i>P. cucumerina</i> and <i>C. fastigiata</i> inoculations were superior to other treatments, showing an increase in root dry weight of 50% compared to 20%, respectively. All fungal inoculations significantly promoted root growth in Italian ryegrass, resulting in a 20–30% increase in dry weight compared to non-inoculated plants. Moreover, a strong stimulatory effect of the fungi-emitted VOCs on the root development was observed in plate-in-plate arrays. In the presence of <i>C. fastigiata</i> and <i>P. cucumerina</i> cultures, the number of roots and root hairs in barley seedlings doubled compared to control plants. Thus, in our study, we demonstrated the potential of the grass root-derived endophytes <i>C. fastigiata</i>, <i>P. fimeti</i>, and <i>P. cucumerina</i> as growth promoters for spring barley and Italian ryegrass. These studies can be extended to other major crops and grasses by evaluating different fungal isolates. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd50fd93ddcb42d2ab6797b81914f57e |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| spelling | doaj-art-cd50fd93ddcb42d2ab6797b81914f57e2025-01-24T13:42:20ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072024-12-011312510.3390/microorganisms13010025Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>)Izolda Pašakinskienė0Violeta Stakelienė1Saulė Matijošiūtė2Justas Martūnas3Marius Rimkevičius4Jurga Būdienė5Algis Aučina6Audrius Skridaila7Botanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaBotanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaBotanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaBotanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaBotanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaNature Research Centre, Institute of Ecology, Akademijos Str. 2, 08412 Vilnius, LithuaniaBotanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaBotanical Garden, Vilnius University, Kairėnų 43, 10239 Vilnius, LithuaniaMany endophytic fungi are approved as plant growth stimulants, and several commercial biostimulants have already been introduced in agricultural practice. However, there are still many species of fungi whose plant growth-promoting properties have been understudied or not studied at all. We examined the growth-promoting effect in spring barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) induced by three endophytic fungi previously obtained from the roots of <i>Festuca</i>/<i>Lolium</i> grasses. Surface-sterilized seeds were inoculated with a spore suspension of <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i> (isolate BSG003)<i>, Paraphoma fimeti</i> (BSG010), <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> (BSG006)<i>,</i> and their spore mixture. Before harvesting, the inoculated plants were grown in a greenhouse, with the barley being in multi-cavity trays for 30 days and ryegrass being placed in an original cylindric element system for 63 days. All three newly tested fungi had a positive effect on the growth of the barley and ryegrass plants, with the most pronounced impact observed in their root size. The fungal inoculations increased the dry shoot biomass between 11% and 26% in Italian ryegrass, but no such impact was observed in barley. The highest root increment was observed in barley. Herein, <i>P. cucumerina</i> and <i>C. fastigiata</i> inoculations were superior to other treatments, showing an increase in root dry weight of 50% compared to 20%, respectively. All fungal inoculations significantly promoted root growth in Italian ryegrass, resulting in a 20–30% increase in dry weight compared to non-inoculated plants. Moreover, a strong stimulatory effect of the fungi-emitted VOCs on the root development was observed in plate-in-plate arrays. In the presence of <i>C. fastigiata</i> and <i>P. cucumerina</i> cultures, the number of roots and root hairs in barley seedlings doubled compared to control plants. Thus, in our study, we demonstrated the potential of the grass root-derived endophytes <i>C. fastigiata</i>, <i>P. fimeti</i>, and <i>P. cucumerina</i> as growth promoters for spring barley and Italian ryegrass. These studies can be extended to other major crops and grasses by evaluating different fungal isolates.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/25seed inoculationgrowth stimulationendophytic fungifungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs)plate-in-plate arrayscereals |
| spellingShingle | Izolda Pašakinskienė Violeta Stakelienė Saulė Matijošiūtė Justas Martūnas Marius Rimkevičius Jurga Būdienė Algis Aučina Audrius Skridaila Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) Microorganisms seed inoculation growth stimulation endophytic fungi fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) plate-in-plate arrays cereals |
| title | Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) |
| title_full | Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) |
| title_fullStr | Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) |
| title_short | Growth-Promoting Effects of Grass Root-Derived Fungi <i>Cadophora fastigiata</i>, <i>Paraphoma fimeti</i> and <i>Plectosphaerella cucumerina</i> on Spring Barley (<i>Hordeum vulgare</i>) and Italian Ryegrass (<i>Lolium multiflorum</i>) |
| title_sort | growth promoting effects of grass root derived fungi i cadophora fastigiata i i paraphoma fimeti i and i plectosphaerella cucumerina i on spring barley i hordeum vulgare i and italian ryegrass i lolium multiflorum i |
| topic | seed inoculation growth stimulation endophytic fungi fungal volatile organic compounds (VOCs) plate-in-plate arrays cereals |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/25 |
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