Performance analysis and feed location optimization for enhanced isolation and polarization control in dual differentially fed antennas

This paper presents an analysis of a low-profile dual differentially fed patch antenna, considering both differential impedance and pair-to-pair isolation, thereby mitigating the need for more complex feeding networks. A new relationship between differential pair-to-pair isolation at resonance versu...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Wenyu Zhou, Eqab Almajali, Kam Kedze, Gaozhi (George) Xiao, Rony E. Amaya
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Results in Engineering
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2590123025027112
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Summary:This paper presents an analysis of a low-profile dual differentially fed patch antenna, considering both differential impedance and pair-to-pair isolation, thereby mitigating the need for more complex feeding networks. A new relationship between differential pair-to-pair isolation at resonance versus feed location is revealed. This relation favors optimal pair-to-pair isolation over ideal impedance-matching conditions. The exciting port-to-patch center distance is shown to be significant in determining both the differential input impedance and pair-to-pair isolation. A differential pair-to-pair isolation greater than 38 dB is measured across the entire band from 9.17 GHz to 9.37 GHz. The polarization control of a dual, differentially fed antenna with full integration of off-the-shelf RF components is introduced. A cross-polarization (X-pol) ratio lower than -31 dB is achieved across the entire band for linear polarizations (LP) using RF baluns, while a left-hand circular polarization (LHCP) is achieved with an extra 90° hybrid coupler connected to the baluns. Despite the known poor isolation of the commercial hybrid coupler and its amplitude and phase imbalances, the achieved axial ratio (AR) is better than 1 dB across the entire band.
ISSN:2590-1230