Secondary Neutropenias

Neutrophils are a critical component of immunity, particularly against bacteria and other pathogens, but also in inflammation and tissue repair. As a consequence, individuals with neutropenia, defined by a reduction in absolute neutrophil counts, exhibit a strong propensity to severe infections that...

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Main Author: Alister C. Ward
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Biomedicines
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/497
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author Alister C. Ward
author_facet Alister C. Ward
author_sort Alister C. Ward
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description Neutrophils are a critical component of immunity, particularly against bacteria and other pathogens, but also in inflammation and tissue repair. As a consequence, individuals with neutropenia, defined by a reduction in absolute neutrophil counts, exhibit a strong propensity to severe infections that typically present with muted symptoms. Neutropenias encompass a heterogeneous set of disorders, comprising primary neutropenias, in which specific genes are mutated, and the more common secondary neutropenias, which have diverse non-genetic causes. These include hematological and other cancers, involving both direct effects of the cancer itself and indirect impacts via the chemotherapeutic, biological agents and cell-based approaches used for treatment. Other significant causes of secondary neutropenias are non-chemotherapeutic drugs, autoimmune and other immune diseases, infections and nutrient deficiencies. These collectively act by impacting neutrophil production in the bone marrow and/or destruction throughout the body. This review describes the biological and clinical manifestations of secondary neutropenias, detailing their underlying causes and management, with a discussion of alternative and emerging therapeutic approaches.
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spelling doaj-art-cd4ab3c9c4b14ad7b5c2d70ebd6bc6122025-08-20T03:12:05ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592025-02-0113249710.3390/biomedicines13020497Secondary NeutropeniasAlister C. Ward0School of Medicine, Deakin University, Waurn Ponds, VIC 3216, AustraliaNeutrophils are a critical component of immunity, particularly against bacteria and other pathogens, but also in inflammation and tissue repair. As a consequence, individuals with neutropenia, defined by a reduction in absolute neutrophil counts, exhibit a strong propensity to severe infections that typically present with muted symptoms. Neutropenias encompass a heterogeneous set of disorders, comprising primary neutropenias, in which specific genes are mutated, and the more common secondary neutropenias, which have diverse non-genetic causes. These include hematological and other cancers, involving both direct effects of the cancer itself and indirect impacts via the chemotherapeutic, biological agents and cell-based approaches used for treatment. Other significant causes of secondary neutropenias are non-chemotherapeutic drugs, autoimmune and other immune diseases, infections and nutrient deficiencies. These collectively act by impacting neutrophil production in the bone marrow and/or destruction throughout the body. This review describes the biological and clinical manifestations of secondary neutropenias, detailing their underlying causes and management, with a discussion of alternative and emerging therapeutic approaches.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/497cancerchemotherapyinfectionneutropenianeutrophil
spellingShingle Alister C. Ward
Secondary Neutropenias
Biomedicines
cancer
chemotherapy
infection
neutropenia
neutrophil
title Secondary Neutropenias
title_full Secondary Neutropenias
title_fullStr Secondary Neutropenias
title_full_unstemmed Secondary Neutropenias
title_short Secondary Neutropenias
title_sort secondary neutropenias
topic cancer
chemotherapy
infection
neutropenia
neutrophil
url https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/2/497
work_keys_str_mv AT alistercward secondaryneutropenias