Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
To meet the requirements for radar echo acquisition and feature extraction from stratified media and rough-surfaced targets, a vehicle was geometrically modelled in CAD. Monte Carlo techniques were applied to generate the rough interfaces at air–snow and snow–soil boundaries and over the vehicle sur...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Series: | Applied Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8140 |
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| author | Chenzhao Yan Xincheng Ren Jianyu Huang Yuqing Wang Xiaomin Zhu |
| author_facet | Chenzhao Yan Xincheng Ren Jianyu Huang Yuqing Wang Xiaomin Zhu |
| author_sort | Chenzhao Yan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To meet the requirements for radar echo acquisition and feature extraction from stratified media and rough-surfaced targets, a vehicle was geometrically modelled in CAD. Monte Carlo techniques were applied to generate the rough interfaces at air–snow and snow–soil boundaries and over the vehicle surface. Soil complex permittivity was characterized with a four-component mixture model, while snow permittivity was described using a mixed-media dielectric model. The composite electromagnetic scattering from a rough-surfaced vehicle on snow-covered soil was then analyzed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Parametric studies examined how incident angle and frequency, vehicle orientation, vehicle surface root mean square (RMS) height, snow liquid water content and depth, and soil moisture influence the composite scattering coefficient. Results indicate that the coefficient oscillates with scattering angle, producing specular reflection lobes; it increases monotonically with larger incident angles, higher frequencies, greater vehicle RMS roughness, and higher snow liquid water content. By contrast, its dependence on snow thickness, vehicle orientation, and soil moisture is complex and shows no clear trend. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd4a7d3ee947403c8c6e6dd8b103f538 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-3417 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Applied Sciences |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd4a7d3ee947403c8c6e6dd8b103f5382025-08-20T03:04:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515814010.3390/app15158140Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified MediaChenzhao Yan0Xincheng Ren1Jianyu Huang2Yuqing Wang3Xiaomin Zhu4School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaTo meet the requirements for radar echo acquisition and feature extraction from stratified media and rough-surfaced targets, a vehicle was geometrically modelled in CAD. Monte Carlo techniques were applied to generate the rough interfaces at air–snow and snow–soil boundaries and over the vehicle surface. Soil complex permittivity was characterized with a four-component mixture model, while snow permittivity was described using a mixed-media dielectric model. The composite electromagnetic scattering from a rough-surfaced vehicle on snow-covered soil was then analyzed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Parametric studies examined how incident angle and frequency, vehicle orientation, vehicle surface root mean square (RMS) height, snow liquid water content and depth, and soil moisture influence the composite scattering coefficient. Results indicate that the coefficient oscillates with scattering angle, producing specular reflection lobes; it increases monotonically with larger incident angles, higher frequencies, greater vehicle RMS roughness, and higher snow liquid water content. By contrast, its dependence on snow thickness, vehicle orientation, and soil moisture is complex and shows no clear trend.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8140composite electromagnetic scatteringtime-domain finite-difference methodlayered ground surfaceCAD modelingMonte Carlo method |
| spellingShingle | Chenzhao Yan Xincheng Ren Jianyu Huang Yuqing Wang Xiaomin Zhu Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media Applied Sciences composite electromagnetic scattering time-domain finite-difference method layered ground surface CAD modeling Monte Carlo method |
| title | Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media |
| title_full | Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media |
| title_fullStr | Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media |
| title_full_unstemmed | Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media |
| title_short | Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media |
| title_sort | research on the composite scattering characteristics of a rough surfaced vehicle over stratified media |
| topic | composite electromagnetic scattering time-domain finite-difference method layered ground surface CAD modeling Monte Carlo method |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8140 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT chenzhaoyan researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia AT xinchengren researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia AT jianyuhuang researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia AT yuqingwang researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia AT xiaominzhu researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia |