Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media

To meet the requirements for radar echo acquisition and feature extraction from stratified media and rough-surfaced targets, a vehicle was geometrically modelled in CAD. Monte Carlo techniques were applied to generate the rough interfaces at air–snow and snow–soil boundaries and over the vehicle sur...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Chenzhao Yan, Xincheng Ren, Jianyu Huang, Yuqing Wang, Xiaomin Zhu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-07-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8140
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849766140572598272
author Chenzhao Yan
Xincheng Ren
Jianyu Huang
Yuqing Wang
Xiaomin Zhu
author_facet Chenzhao Yan
Xincheng Ren
Jianyu Huang
Yuqing Wang
Xiaomin Zhu
author_sort Chenzhao Yan
collection DOAJ
description To meet the requirements for radar echo acquisition and feature extraction from stratified media and rough-surfaced targets, a vehicle was geometrically modelled in CAD. Monte Carlo techniques were applied to generate the rough interfaces at air–snow and snow–soil boundaries and over the vehicle surface. Soil complex permittivity was characterized with a four-component mixture model, while snow permittivity was described using a mixed-media dielectric model. The composite electromagnetic scattering from a rough-surfaced vehicle on snow-covered soil was then analyzed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Parametric studies examined how incident angle and frequency, vehicle orientation, vehicle surface root mean square (RMS) height, snow liquid water content and depth, and soil moisture influence the composite scattering coefficient. Results indicate that the coefficient oscillates with scattering angle, producing specular reflection lobes; it increases monotonically with larger incident angles, higher frequencies, greater vehicle RMS roughness, and higher snow liquid water content. By contrast, its dependence on snow thickness, vehicle orientation, and soil moisture is complex and shows no clear trend.
format Article
id doaj-art-cd4a7d3ee947403c8c6e6dd8b103f538
institution DOAJ
issn 2076-3417
language English
publishDate 2025-07-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Applied Sciences
spelling doaj-art-cd4a7d3ee947403c8c6e6dd8b103f5382025-08-20T03:04:40ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-07-011515814010.3390/app15158140Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified MediaChenzhao Yan0Xincheng Ren1Jianyu Huang2Yuqing Wang3Xiaomin Zhu4School of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaSchool of Physics and Electronic Information, Yan’an University, Yan’an 716000, ChinaTo meet the requirements for radar echo acquisition and feature extraction from stratified media and rough-surfaced targets, a vehicle was geometrically modelled in CAD. Monte Carlo techniques were applied to generate the rough interfaces at air–snow and snow–soil boundaries and over the vehicle surface. Soil complex permittivity was characterized with a four-component mixture model, while snow permittivity was described using a mixed-media dielectric model. The composite electromagnetic scattering from a rough-surfaced vehicle on snow-covered soil was then analyzed with the finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) method. Parametric studies examined how incident angle and frequency, vehicle orientation, vehicle surface root mean square (RMS) height, snow liquid water content and depth, and soil moisture influence the composite scattering coefficient. Results indicate that the coefficient oscillates with scattering angle, producing specular reflection lobes; it increases monotonically with larger incident angles, higher frequencies, greater vehicle RMS roughness, and higher snow liquid water content. By contrast, its dependence on snow thickness, vehicle orientation, and soil moisture is complex and shows no clear trend.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8140composite electromagnetic scatteringtime-domain finite-difference methodlayered ground surfaceCAD modelingMonte Carlo method
spellingShingle Chenzhao Yan
Xincheng Ren
Jianyu Huang
Yuqing Wang
Xiaomin Zhu
Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
Applied Sciences
composite electromagnetic scattering
time-domain finite-difference method
layered ground surface
CAD modeling
Monte Carlo method
title Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
title_full Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
title_fullStr Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
title_full_unstemmed Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
title_short Research on the Composite Scattering Characteristics of a Rough-Surfaced Vehicle over Stratified Media
title_sort research on the composite scattering characteristics of a rough surfaced vehicle over stratified media
topic composite electromagnetic scattering
time-domain finite-difference method
layered ground surface
CAD modeling
Monte Carlo method
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/15/8140
work_keys_str_mv AT chenzhaoyan researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia
AT xinchengren researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia
AT jianyuhuang researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia
AT yuqingwang researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia
AT xiaominzhu researchonthecompositescatteringcharacteristicsofaroughsurfacedvehicleoverstratifiedmedia