Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy

Balance of the oral-intestinal axis microbiota is essential for maintaining oral mucosal health. The occurrence of oral disease is closely linked to the microbiota, this disorder is closely related to the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases, such as oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous ulcer, or...

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Main Authors: Qi Zhou, Panpan Liu, Muni Chen, Hao He, Mengting Xu, Qianrong Xu, Jianfeng Yu, Yutian Deng, Jiayu Yan, Yueqiang Wen
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-08-01
Series:Frontiers in Oral Health
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1485028/full
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author Qi Zhou
Panpan Liu
Muni Chen
Hao He
Mengting Xu
Qianrong Xu
Jianfeng Yu
Yutian Deng
Jiayu Yan
Jiayu Yan
Jiayu Yan
Yueqiang Wen
author_facet Qi Zhou
Panpan Liu
Muni Chen
Hao He
Mengting Xu
Qianrong Xu
Jianfeng Yu
Yutian Deng
Jiayu Yan
Jiayu Yan
Jiayu Yan
Yueqiang Wen
author_sort Qi Zhou
collection DOAJ
description Balance of the oral-intestinal axis microbiota is essential for maintaining oral mucosal health. The occurrence of oral disease is closely linked to the microbiota, this disorder is closely related to the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases, such as oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous ulcer, oral candidiasis and squamous-cell carcinoma. As a microorganism that is beneficial to host health, probiotics can show multi-dimensional therapeutic effects in oral mucosal diseases by targeting and regulating the immune microenvironment of the oral mucosa, inhibiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and repairing the barrier function. In this review, we will review the relevant roles that oral-gut microbial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases and provide evidence for dysregulation of microbial homeostasis in patients with oral mucosal diseases, and explore specific probiotic strains by regulating oral and intestinal axis microbial homeostasis and host immune and inflammatory responses, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of oral mucosal diseases.
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institution Kabale University
issn 2673-4842
language English
publishDate 2025-08-01
publisher Frontiers Media S.A.
record_format Article
series Frontiers in Oral Health
spelling doaj-art-cd459e815f0e42c781f6d3d7cc70f0342025-08-21T05:27:31ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Oral Health2673-48422025-08-01610.3389/froh.2025.14850281485028Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapyQi Zhou0Panpan Liu1Muni Chen2Hao He3Mengting Xu4Qianrong Xu5Jianfeng Yu6Yutian Deng7Jiayu Yan8Jiayu Yan9Jiayu Yan10Yueqiang Wen11School of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Clinical Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Sichuan Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Chengdu, ChinaDepartment of Stomatology, Affiliated Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaSchool of Basic Medicine, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, ChinaBalance of the oral-intestinal axis microbiota is essential for maintaining oral mucosal health. The occurrence of oral disease is closely linked to the microbiota, this disorder is closely related to the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases, such as oral lichen planus, recurrent aphthous ulcer, oral candidiasis and squamous-cell carcinoma. As a microorganism that is beneficial to host health, probiotics can show multi-dimensional therapeutic effects in oral mucosal diseases by targeting and regulating the immune microenvironment of the oral mucosa, inhibiting the colonization of pathogenic bacteria and repairing the barrier function. In this review, we will review the relevant roles that oral-gut microbial homeostasis plays in the pathogenesis of oral mucosal diseases and provide evidence for dysregulation of microbial homeostasis in patients with oral mucosal diseases, and explore specific probiotic strains by regulating oral and intestinal axis microbial homeostasis and host immune and inflammatory responses, in order to provide new ideas for the clinical treatment of oral mucosal diseases.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1485028/fulloral microbiotaintestinal microbiotaoral-intestinal axisoral mucosal diseaseprobiotics
spellingShingle Qi Zhou
Panpan Liu
Muni Chen
Hao He
Mengting Xu
Qianrong Xu
Jianfeng Yu
Yutian Deng
Jiayu Yan
Jiayu Yan
Jiayu Yan
Yueqiang Wen
Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
Frontiers in Oral Health
oral microbiota
intestinal microbiota
oral-intestinal axis
oral mucosal disease
probiotics
title Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
title_full Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
title_fullStr Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
title_full_unstemmed Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
title_short Microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease: oral-intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
title_sort microbiological mechanisms of oral mucosal disease oral intestinal crosstalk and probiotic therapy
topic oral microbiota
intestinal microbiota
oral-intestinal axis
oral mucosal disease
probiotics
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/froh.2025.1485028/full
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