Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation

Abstract Fault-tolerant fusion-based photonic quantum computing (FBQC) greatly relies on entangling two-photon measurements, called fusions. These fusions can be realized using linear-optical projective Bell-state measurements (BSMs). These linear-optical BSMs are limited to a success probability of...

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Main Authors: Nico Hauser, Matthias J. Bayerbach, Simone E. D’Aurelio, Raphael Weber, Matteo Santandrea, Shreya P. Kumar, Ish Dhand, Stefanie Barz
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-03-01
Series:npj Quantum Information
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-00986-2
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author Nico Hauser
Matthias J. Bayerbach
Simone E. D’Aurelio
Raphael Weber
Matteo Santandrea
Shreya P. Kumar
Ish Dhand
Stefanie Barz
author_facet Nico Hauser
Matthias J. Bayerbach
Simone E. D’Aurelio
Raphael Weber
Matteo Santandrea
Shreya P. Kumar
Ish Dhand
Stefanie Barz
author_sort Nico Hauser
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Fault-tolerant fusion-based photonic quantum computing (FBQC) greatly relies on entangling two-photon measurements, called fusions. These fusions can be realized using linear-optical projective Bell-state measurements (BSMs). These linear-optical BSMs are limited to a success probability of 50%, greatly reducing the performance of FBQC schemes. The performance of FBQC can be improved using boosting, thus achieving higher success probabilities by adding additional resources. Here, we realize a boosted BSM using a 4 × 4 multiport splitter and an additional entangled photon pair, allowing for a success probability of up to 75%. In our experiment, we obtain a success probability for our boosted BSM of (69.3 ± 0.3)%, clearly exceeding the 50% limit. We further demonstrate the significance of our boosted BSM for FBQC, showing a threefold increase in robustness to photon loss and a significant reduction of the logical error rates.
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spelling doaj-art-cd39cd6202d34a7ba21acb54f82d433e2025-08-20T03:05:46ZengNature Portfolionpj Quantum Information2056-63872025-03-011111710.1038/s41534-025-00986-2Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computationNico Hauser0Matthias J. Bayerbach1Simone E. D’Aurelio2Raphael Weber3Matteo Santandrea4Shreya P. Kumar5Ish Dhand6Stefanie Barz7Institute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of StuttgartInstitute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of StuttgartInstitute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of StuttgartQC Design GmbHQC Design GmbHQC Design GmbHQC Design GmbHInstitute for Functional Matter and Quantum Technologies & Center for Integrated Quantum Science and Technology (IQST), University of StuttgartAbstract Fault-tolerant fusion-based photonic quantum computing (FBQC) greatly relies on entangling two-photon measurements, called fusions. These fusions can be realized using linear-optical projective Bell-state measurements (BSMs). These linear-optical BSMs are limited to a success probability of 50%, greatly reducing the performance of FBQC schemes. The performance of FBQC can be improved using boosting, thus achieving higher success probabilities by adding additional resources. Here, we realize a boosted BSM using a 4 × 4 multiport splitter and an additional entangled photon pair, allowing for a success probability of up to 75%. In our experiment, we obtain a success probability for our boosted BSM of (69.3 ± 0.3)%, clearly exceeding the 50% limit. We further demonstrate the significance of our boosted BSM for FBQC, showing a threefold increase in robustness to photon loss and a significant reduction of the logical error rates.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-00986-2
spellingShingle Nico Hauser
Matthias J. Bayerbach
Simone E. D’Aurelio
Raphael Weber
Matteo Santandrea
Shreya P. Kumar
Ish Dhand
Stefanie Barz
Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
npj Quantum Information
title Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
title_full Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
title_fullStr Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
title_full_unstemmed Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
title_short Boosted Bell-state measurements for photonic quantum computation
title_sort boosted bell state measurements for photonic quantum computation
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41534-025-00986-2
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