Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
Marine pollution poses significant threats to ecosystems by contaminating habitats and degrading marine life. This involves the need to develop efficient methodologies to evaluate the compounds that affect marine organisms, such as steroid hormones. The study of the presence of these compounds in ma...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Advances in Sample Preparation |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000299 |
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| author | Irene Rodríguez-de Cos Raibel Núñez-González Rayco Guedes-Alonso Sarah Piaugeard María Esther Torres-Padrón José Juan Castro-Hernández Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera José Juan Santana-Rodríguez |
| author_facet | Irene Rodríguez-de Cos Raibel Núñez-González Rayco Guedes-Alonso Sarah Piaugeard María Esther Torres-Padrón José Juan Castro-Hernández Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera José Juan Santana-Rodríguez |
| author_sort | Irene Rodríguez-de Cos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Marine pollution poses significant threats to ecosystems by contaminating habitats and degrading marine life. This involves the need to develop efficient methodologies to evaluate the compounds that affect marine organisms, such as steroid hormones. The study of the presence of these compounds in marine organisms like sea urchins is very interesting given their role as bioindicators because they feed on algae and are constantly in contact with sediments. Given the low concentrations of steroid hormones in marine environments, it is necessary to develop extraction procedures that allow these pollutants to be extracted and preconcentrated before chemical analyses. Of all the extraction methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been used for its many advantages compared to traditional extraction techniques, such as easy sample handling or scarce organic solvents use, and for providing very selective extractions. This study presents the novel MAE optimisation for the extraction of 15 hormones, including five oestrogens, three androgens, four progestogens and three glucocorticoids from sea urchin tissues. The extracted hormones were subsequently determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this approach has not been previously developed. To perform extraction optimisation, different variables were studied following factorial experimental designs. The optimised extraction method showed very appropriate analytical parameters, with limits of detection between 0.21 and 20.4 ng·g-1 for the four families of studied steroid hormones, and recovery extractions over 60 % for most target compounds. After optimisation, the analytical methodology was applied to samples of three different sea urchins species (Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus, Sphaerechinus granularis) caught in different locations around the Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands, Spain). The results showed the great applicability of the optimised methodology and two target hormones, boldenone and prednisolone, which were quantified in different samples and locations. This indicates the potential of sea urchins as bioindicators of the health of marine ecosystems and of anthropogenic contamination. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd358be1b4f744ab8f1a334fe57fa16d |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2772-5820 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
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| series | Advances in Sample Preparation |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd358be1b4f744ab8f1a334fe57fa16d2025-08-20T02:31:17ZengElsevierAdvances in Sample Preparation2772-58202024-10-011210013210.1016/j.sampre.2024.100132Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometryIrene Rodríguez-de Cos0Raibel Núñez-González1Rayco Guedes-Alonso2Sarah Piaugeard3María Esther Torres-Padrón4José Juan Castro-Hernández5Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera6José Juan Santana-Rodríguez7Faculty of Marine Sciences, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario EcoAqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Tafira, SpainInstitute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Corresponding author.Faculté d’écologie-éthologie, Université de Tours, FranceInstitute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstituto Universitario EcoAqua, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, 35017 Tafira, SpainInstitute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainInstitute for Environmental Studies and Natural Resources, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, SpainMarine pollution poses significant threats to ecosystems by contaminating habitats and degrading marine life. This involves the need to develop efficient methodologies to evaluate the compounds that affect marine organisms, such as steroid hormones. The study of the presence of these compounds in marine organisms like sea urchins is very interesting given their role as bioindicators because they feed on algae and are constantly in contact with sediments. Given the low concentrations of steroid hormones in marine environments, it is necessary to develop extraction procedures that allow these pollutants to be extracted and preconcentrated before chemical analyses. Of all the extraction methods, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE) has been used for its many advantages compared to traditional extraction techniques, such as easy sample handling or scarce organic solvents use, and for providing very selective extractions. This study presents the novel MAE optimisation for the extraction of 15 hormones, including five oestrogens, three androgens, four progestogens and three glucocorticoids from sea urchin tissues. The extracted hormones were subsequently determined by high-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. To the best of the authors' knowledge, this approach has not been previously developed. To perform extraction optimisation, different variables were studied following factorial experimental designs. The optimised extraction method showed very appropriate analytical parameters, with limits of detection between 0.21 and 20.4 ng·g-1 for the four families of studied steroid hormones, and recovery extractions over 60 % for most target compounds. After optimisation, the analytical methodology was applied to samples of three different sea urchins species (Arbacia lixula, Paracentrotus lividus, Sphaerechinus granularis) caught in different locations around the Gran Canaria island (Canary Islands, Spain). The results showed the great applicability of the optimised methodology and two target hormones, boldenone and prednisolone, which were quantified in different samples and locations. This indicates the potential of sea urchins as bioindicators of the health of marine ecosystems and of anthropogenic contamination.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000299Steroid hormonesSea urchinsBioindicatorMicrowave-assisted extractionUHPLCMass spectrometry |
| spellingShingle | Irene Rodríguez-de Cos Raibel Núñez-González Rayco Guedes-Alonso Sarah Piaugeard María Esther Torres-Padrón José Juan Castro-Hernández Zoraida Sosa-Ferrera José Juan Santana-Rodríguez Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry Advances in Sample Preparation Steroid hormones Sea urchins Bioindicator Microwave-assisted extraction UHPLC Mass spectrometry |
| title | Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| title_full | Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| title_short | Determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave-assisted extraction and ultrahigh-performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| title_sort | determination of steroid hormones in sea urchins by microwave assisted extraction and ultrahigh performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry |
| topic | Steroid hormones Sea urchins Bioindicator Microwave-assisted extraction UHPLC Mass spectrometry |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2772582024000299 |
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