Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System

The fall pipe rock dumping technique is extensively employed to create protection embankments around submarine cables, mitigating distortion and breakage resulting from bottom scouring. During the rock dumping operation, intricate interactions among the pipeline, rocks, and water currents can affect...

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Main Authors: Mingjiu Zuo, Xinyi Zhou, Haiwen Tu, Zehui Liang, Yan Wei, Kai Xia, Haodi Zhu, Haibin Han, Jiayi Su, Fengzhong Qu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/837
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author Mingjiu Zuo
Xinyi Zhou
Haiwen Tu
Zehui Liang
Yan Wei
Kai Xia
Haodi Zhu
Haibin Han
Jiayi Su
Fengzhong Qu
author_facet Mingjiu Zuo
Xinyi Zhou
Haiwen Tu
Zehui Liang
Yan Wei
Kai Xia
Haodi Zhu
Haibin Han
Jiayi Su
Fengzhong Qu
author_sort Mingjiu Zuo
collection DOAJ
description The fall pipe rock dumping technique is extensively employed to create protection embankments around submarine cables, mitigating distortion and breakage resulting from bottom scouring. During the rock dumping operation, intricate interactions among the pipeline, rocks, and water currents can affect the stability and efficiency of the fall pipe system. This research proposed a method employing the fluid–structure interaction to analyze the interactions between the pipeline, rocks, and water currents. The paper begins with the design of an innovative fall pipe rock dumping system and presents a theoretical analysis of the applied model testing approach. The simulation parameters were determined according to the geometric, Froude, and Strouhal similarity criteria. A thorough numerical analysis was performed to investigate the hydrodynamic properties of the rockfall pipeline under fluid–structure interaction. The research examined the settling of rocks during rockfall, along with the forces and movements associated with the deposition process. The results show that the rockfall pipeline experienced vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) caused by ocean currents during operation. The maximum settling velocity of the rocks throughout the rockfall process reached 2.2 m/s, with a final stable velocity of 1.5 m/s. These simulation results offer critical insights for improving the design and functionality of the rockfall pipeline, thereby enhancing the protection of underwater infrastructure.
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institution OA Journals
issn 2077-1312
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
spelling doaj-art-cd313b60ce0a43abb344c3464f55bf922025-08-20T02:33:50ZengMDPI AGJournal of Marine Science and Engineering2077-13122025-04-0113583710.3390/jmse13050837Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping SystemMingjiu Zuo0Xinyi Zhou1Haiwen Tu2Zehui Liang3Yan Wei4Kai Xia5Haodi Zhu6Haibin Han7Jiayi Su8Fengzhong Qu9College of Electronic Engineering, Naval University of Engineering, Wuhan 430033, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaCollege of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaCollege of Marine Science and Technology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaShanghai Merchant Ship Design and Research Institute, Shanghai 201203, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaThe Intelligent Transportation Thrust, The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (Guangzhou), Guangzhou 511458, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Ocean Sensing & Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan 316021, ChinaThe fall pipe rock dumping technique is extensively employed to create protection embankments around submarine cables, mitigating distortion and breakage resulting from bottom scouring. During the rock dumping operation, intricate interactions among the pipeline, rocks, and water currents can affect the stability and efficiency of the fall pipe system. This research proposed a method employing the fluid–structure interaction to analyze the interactions between the pipeline, rocks, and water currents. The paper begins with the design of an innovative fall pipe rock dumping system and presents a theoretical analysis of the applied model testing approach. The simulation parameters were determined according to the geometric, Froude, and Strouhal similarity criteria. A thorough numerical analysis was performed to investigate the hydrodynamic properties of the rockfall pipeline under fluid–structure interaction. The research examined the settling of rocks during rockfall, along with the forces and movements associated with the deposition process. The results show that the rockfall pipeline experienced vortex-induced vibrations (VIVs) caused by ocean currents during operation. The maximum settling velocity of the rocks throughout the rockfall process reached 2.2 m/s, with a final stable velocity of 1.5 m/s. These simulation results offer critical insights for improving the design and functionality of the rockfall pipeline, thereby enhancing the protection of underwater infrastructure.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/837submarine cable protectionfall pipe rock dumping systemvortex-induced vibrationsfluid–structure interactionnumerical simulation
spellingShingle Mingjiu Zuo
Xinyi Zhou
Haiwen Tu
Zehui Liang
Yan Wei
Kai Xia
Haodi Zhu
Haibin Han
Jiayi Su
Fengzhong Qu
Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System
Journal of Marine Science and Engineering
submarine cable protection
fall pipe rock dumping system
vortex-induced vibrations
fluid–structure interaction
numerical simulation
title Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System
title_full Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System
title_fullStr Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System
title_full_unstemmed Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System
title_short Hydrodynamic Study of a Fall Pipe Rock Dumping System
title_sort hydrodynamic study of a fall pipe rock dumping system
topic submarine cable protection
fall pipe rock dumping system
vortex-induced vibrations
fluid–structure interaction
numerical simulation
url https://www.mdpi.com/2077-1312/13/5/837
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AT xinyizhou hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
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AT zehuiliang hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
AT yanwei hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
AT kaixia hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
AT haodizhu hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
AT haibinhan hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
AT jiayisu hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem
AT fengzhongqu hydrodynamicstudyofafallpiperockdumpingsystem