Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary composed of ten medicinal plants, with curcumin as a major bioactive marker, to provide scientific validation for its traditional use. <b...
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MDPI AG
2025-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/907 |
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| author | Jaenjira Angsusing Weerasak Samee Supachoke Mangmool Usma Dortae Pranot Keawthip Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Somsak Kreechai Kulthanit Wanaratna Chuda Chittasupho Nopparut Toolmal |
| author_facet | Jaenjira Angsusing Weerasak Samee Supachoke Mangmool Usma Dortae Pranot Keawthip Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Somsak Kreechai Kulthanit Wanaratna Chuda Chittasupho Nopparut Toolmal |
| author_sort | Jaenjira Angsusing |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary composed of ten medicinal plants, with curcumin as a major bioactive marker, to provide scientific validation for its traditional use. <b>Methods:</b> The formulation was evaluated for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, with curcumin quantified using HPLC. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells using the MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring nitric oxide (NO), PGE<sub>2</sub>, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages using ELISA. <b>Results</b>: The Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary exhibited promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, consistent with its traditional use. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, with measurable levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and significant curcumin content. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated through free radical scavenging and ferric-reducing assays, while cytotoxicity testing in RAW264.7 macrophages indicated low toxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 48.61 ± 3.80 µg/mL). The formulary significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide, PGE<sub>2</sub>, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production. These effects were comparable to turmeric extract and curcumin, though curcumin displayed higher potency. <b>Conclusions</b>: The Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, supporting its traditional use. Its polyherbal composition may offer synergistic effects and holds promise as a safe, natural topical remedy. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-cd230d33ee344ad7bb3163cf3b8e0cf2 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1999-4923 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pharmaceutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd230d33ee344ad7bb3163cf3b8e0cf22025-08-20T02:47:09ZengMDPI AGPharmaceutics1999-49232025-07-0117790710.3390/pharmaceutics17070907Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive CompoundsJaenjira Angsusing0Weerasak Samee1Supachoke Mangmool2Usma Dortae3Pranot Keawthip4Surakameth Mahasirimongkol5Somsak Kreechai6Kulthanit Wanaratna7Chuda Chittasupho8Nopparut Toolmal9Department of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Srinakharinwirot University, Nakhon Nayok 26120, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandDepartment of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, ThailandFaculty of Pharmacy, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, ThailandDepartment of Thai Traditional and Alternative Medicine, Ministry of Public Health, Nonthaburi 11000, Thailand<b>Background/Objectives</b>: This study aimed to investigate the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties of a Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary composed of ten medicinal plants, with curcumin as a major bioactive marker, to provide scientific validation for its traditional use. <b>Methods:</b> The formulation was evaluated for total phenolic and flavonoid contents, with curcumin quantified using HPLC. Antioxidant activity was assessed using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Cytotoxicity was evaluated in RAW264.7 cells using the MTT assay. Anti-inflammatory activity was determined by measuring nitric oxide (NO), PGE<sub>2</sub>, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 levels in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 macrophages using ELISA. <b>Results</b>: The Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary exhibited promising antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, consistent with its traditional use. Phytochemical analysis confirmed the presence of bioactive compounds, with measurable levels of total phenolics, flavonoids, and significant curcumin content. Antioxidant activity was demonstrated through free radical scavenging and ferric-reducing assays, while cytotoxicity testing in RAW264.7 macrophages indicated low toxicity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 48.61 ± 3.80 µg/mL). The formulary significantly reduced LPS-induced nitric oxide, PGE<sub>2</sub>, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6 production. These effects were comparable to turmeric extract and curcumin, though curcumin displayed higher potency. <b>Conclusions</b>: The Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary demonstrates antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties in vitro, supporting its traditional use. Its polyherbal composition may offer synergistic effects and holds promise as a safe, natural topical remedy.https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/907Thai traditional medicinehand and foot soaking formularycurcuminantioxidant activityanti-inflammatory activity |
| spellingShingle | Jaenjira Angsusing Weerasak Samee Supachoke Mangmool Usma Dortae Pranot Keawthip Surakameth Mahasirimongkol Somsak Kreechai Kulthanit Wanaratna Chuda Chittasupho Nopparut Toolmal Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds Pharmaceutics Thai traditional medicine hand and foot soaking formulary curcumin antioxidant activity anti-inflammatory activity |
| title | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds |
| title_full | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds |
| title_fullStr | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds |
| title_short | Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Activities of Thai Traditional Hand and Foot Soaking Formulary and Its Bioactive Compounds |
| title_sort | antioxidant and anti inflammatory activities of thai traditional hand and foot soaking formulary and its bioactive compounds |
| topic | Thai traditional medicine hand and foot soaking formulary curcumin antioxidant activity anti-inflammatory activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1999-4923/17/7/907 |
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