Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics

Abstract In this study, we propose the maximum admittance method based on an analytical solution of two-element Windkessel model to generate pressure waveforms for imposing outlet boundary conditions in blood flow simulations in the absence of in vivo pressure data. The lumped parameters of the Wind...

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Main Authors: Jae Hyun Choi, Myeonggi Cha, Seong Min Shin, Jihun Kim, Hyug-Gi Kim, Bum Joon Kim, HangJin Jo
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90604-0
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author Jae Hyun Choi
Myeonggi Cha
Seong Min Shin
Jihun Kim
Hyug-Gi Kim
Bum Joon Kim
HangJin Jo
author_facet Jae Hyun Choi
Myeonggi Cha
Seong Min Shin
Jihun Kim
Hyug-Gi Kim
Bum Joon Kim
HangJin Jo
author_sort Jae Hyun Choi
collection DOAJ
description Abstract In this study, we propose the maximum admittance method based on an analytical solution of two-element Windkessel model to generate pressure waveforms for imposing outlet boundary conditions in blood flow simulations in the absence of in vivo pressure data. The lumped parameters of the Windkessel model, which were not calibrated from the in vivo pressure, were determined to maximize peripheral admittance. By applying the pressure waveforms at outlet boundaries, hemodynamic characteristics of human cerebrovascular networks, including stenotic middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), were investigated through transient flow simulations. Two age-related flow waveforms, in addition to three different blood viscosities, were applied across each severity case (total 24 simulation cases). The age-related flow waveforms introduced normalized relative residence time disparities exceeding 30% in post-stenosis regions with over 50% severity. Additionally, stenosis exceeding 50% severity redirected more blood flow toward anterior cerebral artery, leading to MCA ischemia at 88% severity. The maximum pressure gradient on the stenotic walls and fractional pressure ratio exhibited changes below 9% and 3%, respectively, despite a 54.5% increase in viscosity. The stenosis severity was a dominant physiological factor, suggesting 50% severity as a critical transition point in cerebral hemodynamics. This threshold can help in quickly identifying risky locations.
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spelling doaj-art-cd2283ba4f2c471ca3479c34ae2fcd2e2025-08-20T01:53:00ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112110.1038/s41598-025-90604-0Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamicsJae Hyun Choi0Myeonggi Cha1Seong Min Shin2Jihun Kim3Hyug-Gi Kim4Bum Joon Kim5HangJin Jo6Department of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECHDivision of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECHDivision of Advanced Nuclear Engineering, POSTECHDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECHDepartment of Radiology, Kyung Hee University Hospital, Kyung Hee University College of MedicineDepartment of Neurology, Asan Medical CenterDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, POSTECHAbstract In this study, we propose the maximum admittance method based on an analytical solution of two-element Windkessel model to generate pressure waveforms for imposing outlet boundary conditions in blood flow simulations in the absence of in vivo pressure data. The lumped parameters of the Windkessel model, which were not calibrated from the in vivo pressure, were determined to maximize peripheral admittance. By applying the pressure waveforms at outlet boundaries, hemodynamic characteristics of human cerebrovascular networks, including stenotic middle cerebral arteries (MCAs), were investigated through transient flow simulations. Two age-related flow waveforms, in addition to three different blood viscosities, were applied across each severity case (total 24 simulation cases). The age-related flow waveforms introduced normalized relative residence time disparities exceeding 30% in post-stenosis regions with over 50% severity. Additionally, stenosis exceeding 50% severity redirected more blood flow toward anterior cerebral artery, leading to MCA ischemia at 88% severity. The maximum pressure gradient on the stenotic walls and fractional pressure ratio exhibited changes below 9% and 3%, respectively, despite a 54.5% increase in viscosity. The stenosis severity was a dominant physiological factor, suggesting 50% severity as a critical transition point in cerebral hemodynamics. This threshold can help in quickly identifying risky locations.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90604-0Maximum admittance methodBoundary conditionHemodynamicsStenosis severityFlow waveformBlood viscosity
spellingShingle Jae Hyun Choi
Myeonggi Cha
Seong Min Shin
Jihun Kim
Hyug-Gi Kim
Bum Joon Kim
HangJin Jo
Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
Scientific Reports
Maximum admittance method
Boundary condition
Hemodynamics
Stenosis severity
Flow waveform
Blood viscosity
title Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
title_full Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
title_fullStr Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
title_full_unstemmed Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
title_short Maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
title_sort maximum admittance method for cerebrovascular outlet boundary conditions and importance of stenosis severity as a dominant factor on hemodynamics
topic Maximum admittance method
Boundary condition
Hemodynamics
Stenosis severity
Flow waveform
Blood viscosity
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-90604-0
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