SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations

Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in wastewater. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a practical and cost-effective tool for the assessment and controlling of pandemics and probably for examining SARS-CoV-2 presence. Implementation of WBE during the ou...

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Main Authors: Parashuram Kallem, Hanaa M Hegab, Habiba Alsafar, Shadi W. Hasan, Fawzi Banat
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Taylor & Francis Group 2023-12-01
Series:Emerging Microbes and Infections
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Online Access:https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2222850
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author Parashuram Kallem
Hanaa M Hegab
Habiba Alsafar
Shadi W. Hasan
Fawzi Banat
author_facet Parashuram Kallem
Hanaa M Hegab
Habiba Alsafar
Shadi W. Hasan
Fawzi Banat
author_sort Parashuram Kallem
collection DOAJ
description Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in wastewater. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a practical and cost-effective tool for the assessment and controlling of pandemics and probably for examining SARS-CoV-2 presence. Implementation of WBE during the outbreaks is not without limitations. Temperature, suspended solids, pH, and disinfectants affect the stability of viruses in wastewater. Due to these limitations, instruments and techniques have been utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in sewage using various concentration methods and computer-aided analyzes. RT-qPCR, ddRT-PCR, multiplex PCR, RT-LAMP, and electrochemical immunosensors have been employed to detect low levels of viral contamination. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial preventive measure against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To better assess the role of wastewater as a transmission route, detection, and quantification methods need to be refined. In this paper, the latest improvements in quantification, detection, and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater are explained. Finally, limitations and future research recommendations are thoroughly described.
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institution Kabale University
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series Emerging Microbes and Infections
spelling doaj-art-cd12e768f3dd426cb2059d861e3fd7082025-08-20T03:28:48ZengTaylor & Francis GroupEmerging Microbes and Infections2222-17512023-12-0112210.1080/22221751.2023.2222850SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendationsParashuram Kallem0Hanaa M Hegab1Habiba Alsafar2Shadi W. Hasan3Fawzi Banat4Center for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCenter for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCenter for Biotechnology (BTC), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCenter for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesCenter for Membranes and Advanced Water Technology (CMAT), Khalifa University of Science and Technology, Abu Dhabi, United Arab EmiratesSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has been detected in wastewater. Wastewater-based epidemiology (WBE) is a practical and cost-effective tool for the assessment and controlling of pandemics and probably for examining SARS-CoV-2 presence. Implementation of WBE during the outbreaks is not without limitations. Temperature, suspended solids, pH, and disinfectants affect the stability of viruses in wastewater. Due to these limitations, instruments and techniques have been utilized to detect SARS-CoV-2. SARS-CoV-2 has been detected in sewage using various concentration methods and computer-aided analyzes. RT-qPCR, ddRT-PCR, multiplex PCR, RT-LAMP, and electrochemical immunosensors have been employed to detect low levels of viral contamination. Inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 is a crucial preventive measure against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). To better assess the role of wastewater as a transmission route, detection, and quantification methods need to be refined. In this paper, the latest improvements in quantification, detection, and inactivation of SARS-CoV-2 in wastewater are explained. Finally, limitations and future research recommendations are thoroughly described.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2222850WastewaterSARS-CoV-2detectioninactivationepidemiology
spellingShingle Parashuram Kallem
Hanaa M Hegab
Habiba Alsafar
Shadi W. Hasan
Fawzi Banat
SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
Emerging Microbes and Infections
Wastewater
SARS-CoV-2
detection
inactivation
epidemiology
title SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
title_full SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
title_fullStr SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
title_full_unstemmed SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
title_short SARS-CoV-2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater: review on analytical methods, limitations and future research recommendations
title_sort sars cov 2 detection and inactivation in water and wastewater review on analytical methods limitations and future research recommendations
topic Wastewater
SARS-CoV-2
detection
inactivation
epidemiology
url https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/22221751.2023.2222850
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