Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry

As the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach t...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Shanshan Zhang, Boyu Chen, Yu Liu, Haoyu Sun, Haixing Zhang, Na Li, Yang Qing, Jeevithan Elango, Dayun Zhao, Wenhui Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-01-01
Series:Foods
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/384
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850199843563110400
author Shanshan Zhang
Boyu Chen
Yu Liu
Haoyu Sun
Haixing Zhang
Na Li
Yang Qing
Jeevithan Elango
Dayun Zhao
Wenhui Wu
author_facet Shanshan Zhang
Boyu Chen
Yu Liu
Haoyu Sun
Haixing Zhang
Na Li
Yang Qing
Jeevithan Elango
Dayun Zhao
Wenhui Wu
author_sort Shanshan Zhang
collection DOAJ
description As the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach to create four deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The elements of the DESs consisted of six different compounds: guanidine hydrochloride, fructose, glycerol, citric acid, proline, and choline chloride. The synthesized deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibited a uniform and transparent appearance. The ideal ratios for each DES were established based on their density and viscosity measurements, leading to the formulations of DES1 (34% guanidine hydrochloride, 21% fructose, 45% water), DES2 (23% guanidine hydrochloride, 32% glycerol, 45% water), DES3 (27.5% citric acid, 27.5% proline, 45% water), and DES4 (30% choline chloride, 25% citric acid, 45% water). The characterization of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the molecular formation of each DES. Following this, the DESs were applied as extraction solvents in a process involving ultrasonic-assisted microextraction (UAE) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the selenium levels in selenium-rich rice. The results were benchmarked against traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion (TM-AD), revealing selenium recovery rates ranging from 85.5% to 106.7%. These results indicate that UAE is an effective method for extracting selenium from selenium-rich rice, thereby establishing a solid data foundation for the environmentally friendly analysis of selenium content in rice.
format Article
id doaj-art-cd040bc2e99d4a158c730ce5053ddcee
institution OA Journals
issn 2304-8158
language English
publishDate 2025-01-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Foods
spelling doaj-art-cd040bc2e99d4a158c730ce5053ddcee2025-08-20T02:12:30ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114338410.3390/foods14030384Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass SpectrometryShanshan Zhang0Boyu Chen1Yu Liu2Haoyu Sun3Haixing Zhang4Na Li5Yang Qing6Jeevithan Elango7Dayun Zhao8Wenhui Wu9Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Knowhub Technology Co., Ltd. (Ouryao), 201-202, Block 4, Best Town, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaBor S.Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaAs the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach to create four deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The elements of the DESs consisted of six different compounds: guanidine hydrochloride, fructose, glycerol, citric acid, proline, and choline chloride. The synthesized deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibited a uniform and transparent appearance. The ideal ratios for each DES were established based on their density and viscosity measurements, leading to the formulations of DES1 (34% guanidine hydrochloride, 21% fructose, 45% water), DES2 (23% guanidine hydrochloride, 32% glycerol, 45% water), DES3 (27.5% citric acid, 27.5% proline, 45% water), and DES4 (30% choline chloride, 25% citric acid, 45% water). The characterization of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the molecular formation of each DES. Following this, the DESs were applied as extraction solvents in a process involving ultrasonic-assisted microextraction (UAE) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the selenium levels in selenium-rich rice. The results were benchmarked against traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion (TM-AD), revealing selenium recovery rates ranging from 85.5% to 106.7%. These results indicate that UAE is an effective method for extracting selenium from selenium-rich rice, thereby establishing a solid data foundation for the environmentally friendly analysis of selenium content in rice.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/384deep eutectic solventSe-enriched riceICP-MSultrasonic-assisted microextractiondetermination of Senuclear magnetic resonance
spellingShingle Shanshan Zhang
Boyu Chen
Yu Liu
Haoyu Sun
Haixing Zhang
Na Li
Yang Qing
Jeevithan Elango
Dayun Zhao
Wenhui Wu
Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
Foods
deep eutectic solvent
Se-enriched rice
ICP-MS
ultrasonic-assisted microextraction
determination of Se
nuclear magnetic resonance
title Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
title_full Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
title_fullStr Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
title_full_unstemmed Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
title_short Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
title_sort ultrasound assisted determination of selenium in organic rice using deep eutectic solvents coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry
topic deep eutectic solvent
Se-enriched rice
ICP-MS
ultrasonic-assisted microextraction
determination of Se
nuclear magnetic resonance
url https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/384
work_keys_str_mv AT shanshanzhang ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT boyuchen ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT yuliu ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT haoyusun ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT haixingzhang ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT nali ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT yangqing ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT jeevithanelango ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT dayunzhao ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry
AT wenhuiwu ultrasoundassisteddeterminationofseleniuminorganicriceusingdeepeutecticsolventscoupledwithinductivelycoupledplasmamassspectrometry