Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry
As the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach t...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| author | Shanshan Zhang Boyu Chen Yu Liu Haoyu Sun Haixing Zhang Na Li Yang Qing Jeevithan Elango Dayun Zhao Wenhui Wu |
| author_facet | Shanshan Zhang Boyu Chen Yu Liu Haoyu Sun Haixing Zhang Na Li Yang Qing Jeevithan Elango Dayun Zhao Wenhui Wu |
| author_sort | Shanshan Zhang |
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| description | As the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach to create four deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The elements of the DESs consisted of six different compounds: guanidine hydrochloride, fructose, glycerol, citric acid, proline, and choline chloride. The synthesized deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibited a uniform and transparent appearance. The ideal ratios for each DES were established based on their density and viscosity measurements, leading to the formulations of DES1 (34% guanidine hydrochloride, 21% fructose, 45% water), DES2 (23% guanidine hydrochloride, 32% glycerol, 45% water), DES3 (27.5% citric acid, 27.5% proline, 45% water), and DES4 (30% choline chloride, 25% citric acid, 45% water). The characterization of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the molecular formation of each DES. Following this, the DESs were applied as extraction solvents in a process involving ultrasonic-assisted microextraction (UAE) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the selenium levels in selenium-rich rice. The results were benchmarked against traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion (TM-AD), revealing selenium recovery rates ranging from 85.5% to 106.7%. These results indicate that UAE is an effective method for extracting selenium from selenium-rich rice, thereby establishing a solid data foundation for the environmentally friendly analysis of selenium content in rice. |
| format | Article |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-cd040bc2e99d4a158c730ce5053ddcee2025-08-20T02:12:30ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114338410.3390/foods14030384Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass SpectrometryShanshan Zhang0Boyu Chen1Yu Liu2Haoyu Sun3Haixing Zhang4Na Li5Yang Qing6Jeevithan Elango7Dayun Zhao8Wenhui Wu9Department of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaShanghai Knowhub Technology Co., Ltd. (Ouryao), 201-202, Block 4, Best Town, 388 Shengrong Road, Pudong New Area, Shanghai 201210, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaBor S.Luh Food Safety Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, 800 Dongchuan Road, Shanghai 200240, ChinaDepartment of Marine Biopharmacology, College of Food Science and Technology, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, ChinaAs the focus on green chemistry intensifies, researchers are progressively looking to incorporate biodegradable and environmentally friendly solvents. Given the prevalent use of inorganic solvents in conventional methods for detecting selenium content, this study utilized a mixture design approach to create four deep eutectic solvents (DESs). The elements of the DESs consisted of six different compounds: guanidine hydrochloride, fructose, glycerol, citric acid, proline, and choline chloride. The synthesized deep eutectic solvents (DESs) exhibited a uniform and transparent appearance. The ideal ratios for each DES were established based on their density and viscosity measurements, leading to the formulations of DES1 (34% guanidine hydrochloride, 21% fructose, 45% water), DES2 (23% guanidine hydrochloride, 32% glycerol, 45% water), DES3 (27.5% citric acid, 27.5% proline, 45% water), and DES4 (30% choline chloride, 25% citric acid, 45% water). The characterization of the deep eutectic solvents (DESs) was performed using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy and infrared (IR) spectroscopy, which confirmed the molecular formation of each DES. Following this, the DESs were applied as extraction solvents in a process involving ultrasonic-assisted microextraction (UAE) combined with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) to assess the selenium levels in selenium-rich rice. The results were benchmarked against traditional microwave-assisted acid digestion (TM-AD), revealing selenium recovery rates ranging from 85.5% to 106.7%. These results indicate that UAE is an effective method for extracting selenium from selenium-rich rice, thereby establishing a solid data foundation for the environmentally friendly analysis of selenium content in rice.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/384deep eutectic solventSe-enriched riceICP-MSultrasonic-assisted microextractiondetermination of Senuclear magnetic resonance |
| spellingShingle | Shanshan Zhang Boyu Chen Yu Liu Haoyu Sun Haixing Zhang Na Li Yang Qing Jeevithan Elango Dayun Zhao Wenhui Wu Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry Foods deep eutectic solvent Se-enriched rice ICP-MS ultrasonic-assisted microextraction determination of Se nuclear magnetic resonance |
| title | Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full | Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
| title_fullStr | Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
| title_short | Ultrasound-Assisted Determination of Selenium in Organic Rice Using Deep Eutectic Solvents Coupled with Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry |
| title_sort | ultrasound assisted determination of selenium in organic rice using deep eutectic solvents coupled with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry |
| topic | deep eutectic solvent Se-enriched rice ICP-MS ultrasonic-assisted microextraction determination of Se nuclear magnetic resonance |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/3/384 |
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