Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment

IntroductionAs extensively utilized synthetic polymers, polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) have raised significant environmental concerns due to their persistent accumulation in ecosystems.MethodsTo enhance biodegradation efficiency, we implemented a dual pretreatment approach combining thermal...

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Main Authors: Yan Zhu, Hongzhe Wang, Jing Bai, Yanjie Qi, Dongfei Han
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-07-01
Series:Frontiers in Microbiology
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1621498/full
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author Yan Zhu
Hongzhe Wang
Hongzhe Wang
Jing Bai
Yanjie Qi
Dongfei Han
author_facet Yan Zhu
Hongzhe Wang
Hongzhe Wang
Jing Bai
Yanjie Qi
Dongfei Han
author_sort Yan Zhu
collection DOAJ
description IntroductionAs extensively utilized synthetic polymers, polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) have raised significant environmental concerns due to their persistent accumulation in ecosystems.MethodsTo enhance biodegradation efficiency, we implemented a dual pretreatment approach combining thermal activation and fenton’s reagent oxidation prior to microbial treatment. Through a systematic 50-day incubation experiment with single-strain cultures of five Gordonia strains (Gordonia polyisoprenivorans B251, Gordonia polyisoprenivorans B253, Gordonia hydrophobica 4.134, Gordonia humi 4.135, and Gordonia sihwensis LQ21), we quantitatively evaluated the degradation performance using four complementary analytical methods: mass loss quantification, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface water contact angle.ResultsNotably, Gordonia polyisoprenivorans B253 demonstrated remarkable degradation capabilities, as evidenced by: (1) characteristic chemical modifications including hydroxyl group formation (3,280 cm−1), carbon-carbon double bond generation (1,640 cm−1), and ether group appearance (1,100 cm−1) in ATR-FTIR spectra; (2) pronounced surface erosion patterns observed via SEM; and (3) significant mass reduction (1.927% ± 0.038% of PS) compared to controls. Comparative analysis revealed that combined thermal-fenton pretreatment enhanced biodegradation efficiency about by 1.3-fold compared to untreated samples, suggesting synergistic effects between physicochemical pretreatment and biological degradation. Genomic characterization of B253 identified putative catabolic enzymes, including alkane hydroxylases, cytochrome P450 systems, alcohol-dehydrogenase, styrene monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase potentially responsible for polymer breakdown.DiscussionThis work advances plastic biodegradation by identifying novel PP/PS-degrading Gordonia species, establishing an effective pretreatment protocol, and providing genomic insights into biodegradation pathways. These findings contribute to developing sustainable solutions for managing persistent plastic waste. These products or metabolites from the degradation of PP and PS plastics can be further extracted and processed into new plastic raw materials or other valuable products, facilitating the recycling of plastic resources. This approach not only decreases reliance on fossil resources, but also mitigates energy consumption and carbon emissions during of plastics production. Thus, it promotes the development of green and sustainable plastics industry and contributes to the establishment of a circular economy. Furthermore, we believe there is also great potential for addressing plastic pollution through various integrated treatment methods.
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spelling doaj-art-ccfc90a7aac349ac8983bc29c76d34df2025-08-20T03:13:42ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Microbiology1664-302X2025-07-011610.3389/fmicb.2025.16214981621498Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatmentYan Zhu0Hongzhe Wang1Hongzhe Wang2Jing Bai3Yanjie Qi4Dongfei Han5School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Soil Environment and Pollution Remediation, Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, ChinaSchool of Chemistry and Life Sciences, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, ChinaSchool of Environmental Science and Engineering, Suzhou University of Science and Technology, Suzhou, ChinaIntroductionAs extensively utilized synthetic polymers, polypropylene (PP) and polystyrene (PS) have raised significant environmental concerns due to their persistent accumulation in ecosystems.MethodsTo enhance biodegradation efficiency, we implemented a dual pretreatment approach combining thermal activation and fenton’s reagent oxidation prior to microbial treatment. Through a systematic 50-day incubation experiment with single-strain cultures of five Gordonia strains (Gordonia polyisoprenivorans B251, Gordonia polyisoprenivorans B253, Gordonia hydrophobica 4.134, Gordonia humi 4.135, and Gordonia sihwensis LQ21), we quantitatively evaluated the degradation performance using four complementary analytical methods: mass loss quantification, attenuated total reflectance Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and surface water contact angle.ResultsNotably, Gordonia polyisoprenivorans B253 demonstrated remarkable degradation capabilities, as evidenced by: (1) characteristic chemical modifications including hydroxyl group formation (3,280 cm−1), carbon-carbon double bond generation (1,640 cm−1), and ether group appearance (1,100 cm−1) in ATR-FTIR spectra; (2) pronounced surface erosion patterns observed via SEM; and (3) significant mass reduction (1.927% ± 0.038% of PS) compared to controls. Comparative analysis revealed that combined thermal-fenton pretreatment enhanced biodegradation efficiency about by 1.3-fold compared to untreated samples, suggesting synergistic effects between physicochemical pretreatment and biological degradation. Genomic characterization of B253 identified putative catabolic enzymes, including alkane hydroxylases, cytochrome P450 systems, alcohol-dehydrogenase, styrene monooxygenase and epoxide hydrolase potentially responsible for polymer breakdown.DiscussionThis work advances plastic biodegradation by identifying novel PP/PS-degrading Gordonia species, establishing an effective pretreatment protocol, and providing genomic insights into biodegradation pathways. These findings contribute to developing sustainable solutions for managing persistent plastic waste. These products or metabolites from the degradation of PP and PS plastics can be further extracted and processed into new plastic raw materials or other valuable products, facilitating the recycling of plastic resources. This approach not only decreases reliance on fossil resources, but also mitigates energy consumption and carbon emissions during of plastics production. Thus, it promotes the development of green and sustainable plastics industry and contributes to the establishment of a circular economy. Furthermore, we believe there is also great potential for addressing plastic pollution through various integrated treatment methods.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1621498/fullGordonia spp.polypropylenepolystyrenebiodegradationATR-FTIRgenomic analysis
spellingShingle Yan Zhu
Hongzhe Wang
Hongzhe Wang
Jing Bai
Yanjie Qi
Dongfei Han
Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment
Frontiers in Microbiology
Gordonia spp.
polypropylene
polystyrene
biodegradation
ATR-FTIR
genomic analysis
title Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment
title_full Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment
title_fullStr Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment
title_full_unstemmed Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment
title_short Biodegradation potential of Gordonia spp. on polypropylene and polystyrene: enhanced degradation through pretreatment
title_sort biodegradation potential of gordonia spp on polypropylene and polystyrene enhanced degradation through pretreatment
topic Gordonia spp.
polypropylene
polystyrene
biodegradation
ATR-FTIR
genomic analysis
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fmicb.2025.1621498/full
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AT hongzhewang biodegradationpotentialofgordoniaspponpolypropyleneandpolystyreneenhanceddegradationthroughpretreatment
AT hongzhewang biodegradationpotentialofgordoniaspponpolypropyleneandpolystyreneenhanceddegradationthroughpretreatment
AT jingbai biodegradationpotentialofgordoniaspponpolypropyleneandpolystyreneenhanceddegradationthroughpretreatment
AT yanjieqi biodegradationpotentialofgordoniaspponpolypropyleneandpolystyreneenhanceddegradationthroughpretreatment
AT dongfeihan biodegradationpotentialofgordoniaspponpolypropyleneandpolystyreneenhanceddegradationthroughpretreatment