Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings

The architectural facade, including balconies, vertical frames, and sunshades, is widely installed on the surfaces of high-rise buildings, and will affect the wind load and airflow around the buildings. However, current studies mainly focus on local wind pressure, with limited research on aerodynami...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Xu Cheng, Guoqing Huang, Bowen Yan, Qingshan Yang, Chao Wang, Bo Li, Shuguo Liang
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-03-01
Series:Buildings
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1093
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1849730854819987456
author Xu Cheng
Guoqing Huang
Bowen Yan
Qingshan Yang
Chao Wang
Bo Li
Shuguo Liang
author_facet Xu Cheng
Guoqing Huang
Bowen Yan
Qingshan Yang
Chao Wang
Bo Li
Shuguo Liang
author_sort Xu Cheng
collection DOAJ
description The architectural facade, including balconies, vertical frames, and sunshades, is widely installed on the surfaces of high-rise buildings, and will affect the wind load and airflow around the buildings. However, current studies mainly focus on local wind pressure, with limited research on aerodynamic forces and a lack of optimization design methods for vertical facades. This paper investigates the aerodynamic effects of different vertical facade layouts on high-rise buildings through wind tunnel experiments. Subsequently, CFD simulations were performed on 120 generated models. By combining neural networks and genetic algorithms, this paper optimized the aerodynamics of the vertical facades on a high-rise building, analyzed the flow field around the building, and provided reference for the aerodynamic optimization design of vertical facades on high-rise building facades. The results show that vertical facades could reduce the base shear forces and overturning moments of tall buildings, and the mean drag coefficient can be reduced by up to 31%, and the RMS value of lateral force coefficient by 57%, through the aerodynamic optimization. Through the analysis of flow fields around tall buildings, the “chamfer” formed by the vertical facades and the building corner is attributed as the main reason for reducing the aerodynamic forces of tall buildings. Furthermore, the negative resistance on vertical facades caused by the adverse pressure gradient is another major factor for reducing the mean value of aerodynamic force.
format Article
id doaj-art-ccf9399e401c40ff9a209d48cf0bfdc5
institution DOAJ
issn 2075-5309
language English
publishDate 2025-03-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series Buildings
spelling doaj-art-ccf9399e401c40ff9a209d48cf0bfdc52025-08-20T03:08:44ZengMDPI AGBuildings2075-53092025-03-01157109310.3390/buildings15071093Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise BuildingsXu Cheng0Guoqing Huang1Bowen Yan2Qingshan Yang3Chao Wang4Bo Li5Shuguo Liang6College of Railway and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Railway College, Chengdu 610097, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Wind Engineering and Wind Energy Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Wind Engineering and Wind Energy Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaChongqing Key Laboratory of Wind Engineering and Wind Energy Utilization, School of Civil Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, ChinaCollege of Railway and Electrical Engineering, Sichuan Railway College, Chengdu 610097, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100091, ChinaSchool of Civil Engineering, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, ChinaThe architectural facade, including balconies, vertical frames, and sunshades, is widely installed on the surfaces of high-rise buildings, and will affect the wind load and airflow around the buildings. However, current studies mainly focus on local wind pressure, with limited research on aerodynamic forces and a lack of optimization design methods for vertical facades. This paper investigates the aerodynamic effects of different vertical facade layouts on high-rise buildings through wind tunnel experiments. Subsequently, CFD simulations were performed on 120 generated models. By combining neural networks and genetic algorithms, this paper optimized the aerodynamics of the vertical facades on a high-rise building, analyzed the flow field around the building, and provided reference for the aerodynamic optimization design of vertical facades on high-rise building facades. The results show that vertical facades could reduce the base shear forces and overturning moments of tall buildings, and the mean drag coefficient can be reduced by up to 31%, and the RMS value of lateral force coefficient by 57%, through the aerodynamic optimization. Through the analysis of flow fields around tall buildings, the “chamfer” formed by the vertical facades and the building corner is attributed as the main reason for reducing the aerodynamic forces of tall buildings. Furthermore, the negative resistance on vertical facades caused by the adverse pressure gradient is another major factor for reducing the mean value of aerodynamic force.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1093vertical facadetall buildingaerodynamic forceaerodynamic optimizationflow field analysis
spellingShingle Xu Cheng
Guoqing Huang
Bowen Yan
Qingshan Yang
Chao Wang
Bo Li
Shuguo Liang
Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings
Buildings
vertical facade
tall building
aerodynamic force
aerodynamic optimization
flow field analysis
title Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings
title_full Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings
title_fullStr Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings
title_full_unstemmed Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings
title_short Influences and Optimizations of Vertical Facades on the Aerodynamic Loadings for High-Rise Buildings
title_sort influences and optimizations of vertical facades on the aerodynamic loadings for high rise buildings
topic vertical facade
tall building
aerodynamic force
aerodynamic optimization
flow field analysis
url https://www.mdpi.com/2075-5309/15/7/1093
work_keys_str_mv AT xucheng influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings
AT guoqinghuang influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings
AT bowenyan influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings
AT qingshanyang influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings
AT chaowang influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings
AT boli influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings
AT shuguoliang influencesandoptimizationsofverticalfacadesontheaerodynamicloadingsforhighrisebuildings