An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air

Abstract Heat transfer on a straight tube in the wake of a tube of same diameter with different curvatures was investigated in cross-flow of air at Reynolds number of 35,000. The straight tube was given constant heat flux condition and placed at different spacing ratios of 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5,...

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Main Authors: Kunal, Sushil Kumar Dhiman
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99239-7
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author Kunal
Sushil Kumar Dhiman
author_facet Kunal
Sushil Kumar Dhiman
author_sort Kunal
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Heat transfer on a straight tube in the wake of a tube of same diameter with different curvatures was investigated in cross-flow of air at Reynolds number of 35,000. The straight tube was given constant heat flux condition and placed at different spacing ratios of 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0, from the curved tubes at blockage ratio of 0.1. Four different curvatures ratios 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, on curved tubes were given which were aligned with the mainstream as concave and convex profiles forming different combinations of curvature ratios and spacing ratios to analyse their thermal performance. The study shows a paramount advantage of enhanced thermal performance using curved tube combinations over straight tube combinations and identifies a Reynolds number-based inflection point describing “Heat Promoter” as upstream segment of the tube. The results illustrate that concave curved combination with curvature ratio 1.0 at spacing ratio 2.5 exhibited highest thermal performance with 2.36 times enhanced heat transfer.
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spelling doaj-art-ccf714eb31a54bda9a71ec792384ecd52025-08-20T02:19:55ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115112410.1038/s41598-025-99239-7An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of airKunal0Sushil Kumar Dhiman1Department of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of TechnologyDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Birla Institute of TechnologyAbstract Heat transfer on a straight tube in the wake of a tube of same diameter with different curvatures was investigated in cross-flow of air at Reynolds number of 35,000. The straight tube was given constant heat flux condition and placed at different spacing ratios of 2.0, 2.25, 2.5, 3.0, 3.5, and 4.0, from the curved tubes at blockage ratio of 0.1. Four different curvatures ratios 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0, on curved tubes were given which were aligned with the mainstream as concave and convex profiles forming different combinations of curvature ratios and spacing ratios to analyse their thermal performance. The study shows a paramount advantage of enhanced thermal performance using curved tube combinations over straight tube combinations and identifies a Reynolds number-based inflection point describing “Heat Promoter” as upstream segment of the tube. The results illustrate that concave curved combination with curvature ratio 1.0 at spacing ratio 2.5 exhibited highest thermal performance with 2.36 times enhanced heat transfer.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99239-7Curved tubeCurvature ratioSpacing ratioHeat transferThermal Enhancement Factor
spellingShingle Kunal
Sushil Kumar Dhiman
An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air
Scientific Reports
Curved tube
Curvature ratio
Spacing ratio
Heat transfer
Thermal Enhancement Factor
title An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air
title_full An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air
title_fullStr An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air
title_full_unstemmed An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air
title_short An experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross-flow of air
title_sort experimental study on effect of curvatures of upstream tube on thermal performance of downstream tube in cross flow of air
topic Curved tube
Curvature ratio
Spacing ratio
Heat transfer
Thermal Enhancement Factor
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99239-7
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