In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates

Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major causative agent of foodborne illness and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. This study aimed to compare the virucidal efficacies of alcohol-based disinfectants against HuNoV and its surrogates for murine norovirus and feline calicivirus using a cell culture infect...

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Main Authors: Eri Hiraishi, Keita Ozaki, Moe Yamakami, Tempei Akasaka, Hirokazu Kimura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Microorganisms
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/368
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author Eri Hiraishi
Keita Ozaki
Moe Yamakami
Tempei Akasaka
Hirokazu Kimura
author_facet Eri Hiraishi
Keita Ozaki
Moe Yamakami
Tempei Akasaka
Hirokazu Kimura
author_sort Eri Hiraishi
collection DOAJ
description Human norovirus (HuNoV) is a major causative agent of foodborne illness and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. This study aimed to compare the virucidal efficacies of alcohol-based disinfectants against HuNoV and its surrogates for murine norovirus and feline calicivirus using a cell culture infectivity assay. Additionally, the study evaluated the validity of estimating virucidal efficacy on HuNoV from the results of virucidal efficacy on the surrogate virus. All disinfectants decreased the titer of each virus by >3 log<sub>10</sub> and >4 log<sub>10</sub> for an exposure duration of 30 s against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, respectively. However, acidic alcohol-based disinfectants completely inactivated the HuNoV GII.17 strain for 30 or 60 s, whereas an alkaline alcohol-based disinfectant did not inactivate HuNoV GII.17 for 60 s. This finding indicates that the pH of alcohol disinfectants affects their virucidal effects against HuNoV, and acidity has a higher virucidal efficacy against HuNoV than alkalinity. Disinfectants showing virucidal efficacy against surrogates were not effective against HuNoV. Few studies have used cell culture infectivity assays to test the inactivating effects of hand sanitizers on HuNoV and its surrogates. Our study provides useful information for the development of disinfectants that are effective against HuNoV.
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spelling doaj-art-ccf03c57252543128cd29605e1101a132025-08-20T02:44:43ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-02-0113236810.3390/microorganisms13020368In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its SurrogatesEri Hiraishi0Keita Ozaki1Moe Yamakami2Tempei Akasaka3Hirokazu Kimura4Department of Research and Development, Niitaka Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-8560, JapanDepartment of Research and Development, Niitaka Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-8560, JapanDepartment of Research and Development, Niitaka Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-8560, JapanDepartment of Research and Development, Niitaka Co., Ltd., Osaka 532-8560, JapanDepartment of Health Science, Gunma Paz University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Takasaki 370-0006, JapanHuman norovirus (HuNoV) is a major causative agent of foodborne illness and causes acute viral gastroenteritis. This study aimed to compare the virucidal efficacies of alcohol-based disinfectants against HuNoV and its surrogates for murine norovirus and feline calicivirus using a cell culture infectivity assay. Additionally, the study evaluated the validity of estimating virucidal efficacy on HuNoV from the results of virucidal efficacy on the surrogate virus. All disinfectants decreased the titer of each virus by >3 log<sub>10</sub> and >4 log<sub>10</sub> for an exposure duration of 30 s against murine norovirus and feline calicivirus, respectively. However, acidic alcohol-based disinfectants completely inactivated the HuNoV GII.17 strain for 30 or 60 s, whereas an alkaline alcohol-based disinfectant did not inactivate HuNoV GII.17 for 60 s. This finding indicates that the pH of alcohol disinfectants affects their virucidal effects against HuNoV, and acidity has a higher virucidal efficacy against HuNoV than alkalinity. Disinfectants showing virucidal efficacy against surrogates were not effective against HuNoV. Few studies have used cell culture infectivity assays to test the inactivating effects of hand sanitizers on HuNoV and its surrogates. Our study provides useful information for the development of disinfectants that are effective against HuNoV.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/368human norovirusmurine norovirusfeline calicivirusinactivationalcohol-based disinfectanthand sanitizer
spellingShingle Eri Hiraishi
Keita Ozaki
Moe Yamakami
Tempei Akasaka
Hirokazu Kimura
In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
Microorganisms
human norovirus
murine norovirus
feline calicivirus
inactivation
alcohol-based disinfectant
hand sanitizer
title In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
title_full In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
title_fullStr In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
title_full_unstemmed In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
title_short In Vitro Differential Virucidal Efficacy of Alcohol-Based Disinfectants Against Human Norovirus and Its Surrogates
title_sort in vitro differential virucidal efficacy of alcohol based disinfectants against human norovirus and its surrogates
topic human norovirus
murine norovirus
feline calicivirus
inactivation
alcohol-based disinfectant
hand sanitizer
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/2/368
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AT moeyamakami invitrodifferentialvirucidalefficacyofalcoholbaseddisinfectantsagainsthumannorovirusanditssurrogates
AT tempeiakasaka invitrodifferentialvirucidalefficacyofalcoholbaseddisinfectantsagainsthumannorovirusanditssurrogates
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